spainis
Latvian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Middle Low German span (“wooden bucket”), likely from the same ultimate source as English span, similar to Swedish spann (“pail, bucket”).
This generated the dialectal form spanis, spannis; in Kurzeme, also *spandis > spaņģis (with ģ probably from genitive *spandya); compare Lithuanian dialectal forms spandis, spañgis (possibly borrowings from Kurzeme dialects).
Two explanations have been proposed for the irregular ai (instead of an(n)) in the literary form:
- influence from dialectal (Kurzeme) *spainis, a variant of spailis, spails (“set of fishing equipment”), at first in Kurzeme, and later on spreading to other dialects; or a contamination between an earlier form *span(n)is and Livonian pàynal (“wooden round container”),
- or its Ewe dialectal synonym paenas, paenal.
The borrowing is first mentioned as spanis, spannis in 17th-century dictionaries; by the end of that century, the variant spainis is also attested. In the first Bible translations one finds spaņģis. The literary form spainis progressed slowly: in the 19th century, J. Alunāns still used spannis, spanis; in dictionaries from the 1870s and 1880s, spainis was only a variant. Only at the beginning of the 20th century did spainis begin to dominate, when spannis, spanis was perceived (and avoided) as a Germanism.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editspainis m (2nd declension)
- bucket, pail (cylindrical metal, wooden, or plastic container with a handle)
- piena spainis ― milk bucket
- emaljēts spainis ― enamelled bucket
- nest ūdeni ar spaiņiem ― to carry water with buckets
- koka, alumīnija, plastmasas spainis ― wooden, aluminum, plastic bucket
Declension
editsingular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | spainis | spaiņi |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | spaini | spaiņus |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | spaiņa | spaiņu |
dative (datīvs) | spainim | spaiņiem |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | spaini | spaiņiem |
locative (lokatīvs) | spainī | spaiņos |
vocative (vokatīvs) | spaini | spaiņi |
References
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spainis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Latvian terms derived from Middle Low German
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian second declension nouns
- lv:Containers