squalus

See also: Squalus

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈskʷaː.lus/, [ˈs̠kʷäːɫ̪ʊs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈskwa.lus/, [ˈskwäːlus]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”), Old Prussian kalis, and Old English hwæl (“whale”); more information at whale.

Noun

squalus m (genitive squalī); second declension

a kind of large sea fish, thought to be a shark

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	squalus	squalī
Genitive	squalī	squalōrum
Dative	squalō	squalīs
Accusative	squalum	squalōs
Ablative	squalō	squalīs
Vocative	squale	squalī

Alternative forms

squatus

Descendants

Asturian: escualu
Catalan: esqual
French: squale
Galician: escalo, escallo
Italian: squalo
Ligurian: squæo
Portuguese: esqualo, escalo, escalho, escalheiro
Romanian: scal
Spanish: escualo

Etymology 2

Possibly related to squāma (“scale”), of unknown origin. In the sense of dirty, unkempt, this word has traditionally been associated with the cognates listed at cālīgō (“darkness, mist”), although these associations are tenuous.

Adjective

squālus

unkempt, dirty

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	squālus	squāla	squālum	squālī	squālae	squāla
Genitive	squālī	squālae	squālī	squālōrum	squālārum	squālōrum
Dative	squālō	squālae	squālō	squālīs
Accusative	squālum	squālam	squālum	squālōs	squālās	squāla
Ablative	squālō	squālā	squālō	squālīs
Vocative	squāle	squāla	squālum	squālī	squālae	squāla

Derived terms

References

“squalus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“squalus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
squalus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.