squalus

See also: Squalus

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”), Old Prussian kalis, and Old English hwæl (“whale”); more information at whale.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈskʷa.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈskʷaː.lus]

Noun

squalus m (genitive squalī); second declension

1. a kind of large sea fish, thought to be a shark

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	squalus	squalī
genitive	squalī	squalōrum
dative	squalō	squalīs
accusative	squalum	squalōs
ablative	squalō	squalīs
vocative	squale	squalī

Alternative forms

• squatus

Descendants

• Asturian: escualu
• Catalan: esqual
• French: squale
• Galician: escalo, escallo
• Italian: squalo
• Ligurian: squæo
• Portuguese: esqualo, escalo, escalho, escalheiro
• Romanian: scal
• Romansch: squagl
• Spanish: escualo

Etymology 2

Possibly related to squāma (“scale”), of unknown origin. In the sense of dirty, unkempt, this word has traditionally been associated with the cognates listed at cālīgō (“darkness, mist”), although these associations are tenuous.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈskʷaː.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈskʷaː.lus]

Adjective

squālus

1. unkempt, dirty

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	squālus	squāla	squālum		squālī	squālae	squāla
genitive	squālī	squālae	squālī		squālōrum	squālārum	squālōrum
dative	squālō	squālae	squālō		squālīs
accusative	squālum	squālam	squālum		squālōs	squālās	squāla
ablative	squālō	squālā	squālō		squālīs
vocative	squāle	squāla	squālum		squālī	squālae	squāla

Derived terms

• squālor
• squāleō
• squālidus

References

• “squalus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “squalus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• squalus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.