trotz
See also: Trotz
German edit
Etymology edit
Shortened from zum Trotz (dem) or from constructions with the dative verb trotzen. Compare trotzdem.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
trotz (+ genitive or dative)
- in spite of, despite
- Trotz aller Bemühungen ist es uns nicht gelungen, die Ziele des Projekts zu erreichen.
- Despite our best efforts, we were unable to succeed in achieving the project's objectives.
Usage notes edit
- Trotz originally governed the dative exclusively. Today, dative usage is predominant in colloquial German, whereas genitive usage is predominant in Standard German. This change is due to historical hypercorrection with a desire for an educated tone.