vula

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuvula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuvula	ukungavuli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	vula	-vule
Plural	vulani	-vuleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyavula, ngivula	engivulayo, engivula	ngivula	angivuli	engingavuli	ngingavuli
2nd singular	uyavula, uvula	ovulayo, ovula	uvula	awuvuli	ongavuli	ungavuli
1st plural	siyavula, sivula	esivulayo, esivula	sivula	asivuli	esingavuli	singavuli
2nd plural	niyavula, nivula	enivulayo, enivula	nivula	anivuli	eningavuli	ningavuli
Class 1	uyavula, uvula	ovulayo, ovula	evula	akavuli	ongavuli	engavuli
Class 2	bayavula, bavula	abavulayo, abavula	bevula	abavuli	abangavuli	bengavuli
Class 3	uyavula, uvula	ovulayo, ovula	uvula	awuvuli	ongavuli	ungavuli
Class 4	iyavula, ivula	evulayo, evula	ivula	ayivuli	engavuli	ingavuli
Class 5	liyavula, livula	elivulayo, elivula	livula	alivuli	elingavuli	lingavuli
Class 6	ayavula, avula	avulayo, avula	evula	awavuli	angavuli	engavuli
Class 7	siyavula, sivula	esivulayo, esivula	sivula	asivuli	esingavuli	singavuli
Class 8	ziyavula, zivula	ezivulayo, ezivula	zivula	azivuli	ezingavuli	zingavuli
Class 9	iyavula, ivula	evulayo, evula	ivula	ayivuli	engavuli	ingavuli
Class 10	ziyavula, zivula	ezivulayo, ezivula	zivula	azivuli	ezingavuli	zingavuli
Class 11	luyavula, luvula	oluvulayo, oluvula	luvula	aluvuli	olungavuli	lungavuli
Class 14	buyavula, buvula	obuvulayo, obuvula	buvula	abuvuli	obungavuli	bungavuli
Class 15	kuyavula, kuvula	okuvulayo, okuvula	kuvula	akuvuli	okungavuli	kungavuli
Class 17	kuyavula, kuvula	okuvulayo, okuvula	kuvula	akuvuli	okungavuli	kungavuli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngivulile, ngivulē	engivulile, engivulē	ngivulile, ngivulē	angivulanga	engingavulanga	ngingavulanga
2nd singular	uvulile, uvulē	ovulile, ovulē	uvulile, uvulē	awuvulanga	ongavulanga	ungavulanga
1st plural	sivulile, sivulē	esivulile, esivulē	sivulile, sivulē	asivulanga	esingavulanga	singavulanga
2nd plural	nivulile, nivulē	enivulile, enivulē	nivulile, nivulē	anivulanga	eningavulanga	ningavulanga
Class 1	uvulile, uvulē	ovulile, ovulē	evulile, evulē	akavulanga	ongavulanga	engavulanga
Class 2	bavulile, bavulē	abavulile, abavulē	bevulile, bevulē	abavulanga	abangavulanga	bengavulanga
Class 3	uvulile, uvulē	ovulile, ovulē	uvulile, uvulē	awuvulanga	ongavulanga	ungavulanga
Class 4	ivulile, ivulē	evulile, evulē	ivulile, ivulē	ayivulanga	engavulanga	ingavulanga
Class 5	livulile, livulē	elivulile, elivulē	livulile, livulē	alivulanga	elingavulanga	lingavulanga
Class 6	avulile, avulē	avulile, avulē	evulile, evulē	awavulanga	angavulanga	engavulanga
Class 7	sivulile, sivulē	esivulile, esivulē	sivulile, sivulē	asivulanga	esingavulanga	singavulanga
Class 8	zivulile, zivulē	ezivulile, ezivulē	zivulile, zivulē	azivulanga	ezingavulanga	zingavulanga
Class 9	ivulile, ivulē	evulile, evulē	ivulile, ivulē	ayivulanga	engavulanga	ingavulanga
Class 10	zivulile, zivulē	ezivulile, ezivulē	zivulile, zivulē	azivulanga	ezingavulanga	zingavulanga
Class 11	luvulile, luvulē	oluvulile, oluvulē	luvulile, luvulē	aluvulanga	olungavulanga	lungavulanga
Class 14	buvulile, buvulē	obuvulile, obuvulē	buvulile, buvulē	abuvulanga	obungavulanga	bungavulanga
Class 15	kuvulile, kuvulē	okuvulile, okuvulē	kuvulile, kuvulē	akuvulanga	okungavulanga	kungavulanga
Class 17	kuvulile, kuvulē	okuvulile, okuvulē	kuvulile, kuvulē	akuvulanga	okungavulanga	kungavulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāvula	engāvula	ngāvula	angivulanga	engingavulanga	ngingavulanga
2nd singular	wāvula	owāvula	wāvula	awuvulanga	ongavulanga	ungavulanga
1st plural	sāvula	esāvula	sāvula	asivulanga	esingavulanga	singavulanga
2nd plural	nāvula	enāvula	nāvula	anivulanga	eningavulanga	ningavulanga
Class 1	wāvula	owāvula	āvula	akavulanga	ongavulanga	engavulanga
Class 2	bāvula	abāvula	bāvula	abavulanga	abangavulanga	bengavulanga
Class 3	wāvula	owāvula	wāvula	awuvulanga	ongavulanga	ungavulanga
Class 4	yāvula	eyāvula	yāvula	ayivulanga	engavulanga	ingavulanga
Class 5	lāvula	elāvula	lāvula	alivulanga	elingavulanga	lingavulanga
Class 6	āvula	āvula	āvula	awavulanga	angavulanga	engavulanga
Class 7	sāvula	esāvula	sāvula	asivulanga	esingavulanga	singavulanga
Class 8	zāvula	ezāvula	zāvula	azivulanga	ezingavulanga	zingavulanga
Class 9	yāvula	eyāvula	yāvula	ayivulanga	engavulanga	ingavulanga
Class 10	zāvula	ezāvula	zāvula	azivulanga	ezingavulanga	zingavulanga
Class 11	lwāvula	olwāvula	lwāvula	aluvulanga	olungavulanga	lungavulanga
Class 14	bāvula	obāvula	bāvula	abuvulanga	obungavulanga	bungavulanga
Class 15	kwāvula	okwāvula	kwāvula	akuvulanga	okungavulanga	kungavulanga
Class 17	kwāvula	okwāvula	kwāvula	akuvulanga	okungavulanga	kungavulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingavula	—	ngingavula	ngingevule	—	ngingevule
2nd singular	ungavula	—	ungavula	ungevule	—	ungevule
1st plural	singavula	—	singavula	singevule	—	singevule
2nd plural	ningavula	—	ningavula	ningevule	—	ningevule
Class 1	angavula	—	engavula	angevule	—	engevule
Class 2	bangavula	—	bengavula	bangevule	—	bengevule
Class 3	ungavula	—	ungavula	ungevule	—	ungevule
Class 4	ingavula	—	ingavula	ingevule	—	ingevule
Class 5	lingavula	—	lingavula	lingevule	—	lingevule
Class 6	angavula	—	engavula	angevule	—	engevule
Class 7	singavula	—	singavula	singevule	—	singevule
Class 8	zingavula	—	zingavula	zingevule	—	zingevule
Class 9	ingavula	—	ingavula	ingevule	—	ingevule
Class 10	zingavula	—	zingavula	zingevule	—	zingevule
Class 11	lungavula	—	lungavula	lungevule	—	lungevule
Class 14	bungavula	—	bungavula	bungevule	—	bungevule
Class 15	kungavula	—	kungavula	kungevule	—	kungevule
Class 17	kungavula	—	kungavula	kungevule	—	kungevule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizovula	engizovula	ngizovula	angizuvula	engingezuvula	ngingezuvula
2nd singular	uzovula	ozovula	uzovula	awuzuvula	ongezuvula	ungezuvula
1st plural	sizovula	esizovula	sizovula	asizuvula	esingezuvula	singezuvula
2nd plural	nizovula	enizovula	nizovula	anizuvula	eningezuvula	ningezuvula
Class 1	uzovula	ozovula	ezovula	akazuvula	ongezuvula	engezuvula
Class 2	bazovula	abazovula	bezovula	abazuvula	abangezuvula	bengezuvula
Class 3	uzovula	ozovula	uzovula	awuzuvula	ongezuvula	ungezuvula
Class 4	izovula	ezovula	izovula	ayizuvula	engezuvula	ingezuvula
Class 5	lizovula	elizovula	lizovula	alizuvula	elingezuvula	lingezuvula
Class 6	azovula	azovula	ezovula	awazuvula	angezuvula	engezuvula
Class 7	sizovula	esizovula	sizovula	asizuvula	esingezuvula	singezuvula
Class 8	zizovula	ezizovula	zizovula	azizuvula	ezingezuvula	zingezuvula
Class 9	izovula	ezovula	izovula	ayizuvula	engezuvula	ingezuvula
Class 10	zizovula	ezizovula	zizovula	azizuvula	ezingezuvula	zingezuvula
Class 11	luzovula	oluzovula	luzovula	aluzuvula	olungezuvula	lungezuvula
Class 14	buzovula	obuzovula	buzovula	abuzuvula	obungezuvula	bungezuvula
Class 15	kuzovula	okuzovula	kuzovula	akuzuvula	okungezuvula	kungezuvula
Class 17	kuzovula	okuzovula	kuzovula	akuzuvula	okungezuvula	kungezuvula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyovula	engiyovula	ngiyovula	angiyuvula	engingeyuvula	ngingeyuvula
2nd singular	uyovula	oyovula	uyovula	awuyuvula	ongeyuvula	ungeyuvula
1st plural	siyovula	esiyovula	siyovula	asiyuvula	esingeyuvula	singeyuvula
2nd plural	niyovula	eniyovula	niyovula	aniyuvula	eningeyuvula	ningeyuvula
Class 1	uyovula	oyovula	eyovula	akayuvula	ongeyuvula	engeyuvula
Class 2	bayovula	abayovula	beyovula	abayuvula	abangeyuvula	bengeyuvula
Class 3	uyovula	oyovula	uyovula	awuyuvula	ongeyuvula	ungeyuvula
Class 4	iyovula	eyovula	iyovula	ayiyuvula	engeyuvula	ingeyuvula
Class 5	liyovula	eliyovula	liyovula	aliyuvula	elingeyuvula	lingeyuvula
Class 6	ayovula	ayovula	eyovula	awayuvula	angeyuvula	engeyuvula
Class 7	siyovula	esiyovula	siyovula	asiyuvula	esingeyuvula	singeyuvula
Class 8	ziyovula	eziyovula	ziyovula	aziyuvula	ezingeyuvula	zingeyuvula
Class 9	iyovula	eyovula	iyovula	ayiyuvula	engeyuvula	ingeyuvula
Class 10	ziyovula	eziyovula	ziyovula	aziyuvula	ezingeyuvula	zingeyuvula
Class 11	luyovula	oluyovula	luyovula	aluyuvula	olungeyuvula	lungeyuvula
Class 14	buyovula	obuyovula	buyovula	abuyuvula	obungeyuvula	bungeyuvula
Class 15	kuyovula	okuyovula	kuyovula	akuyuvula	okungeyuvula	kungeyuvula
Class 17	kuyovula	okuyovula	kuyovula	akuyuvula	okungeyuvula	kungeyuvula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngivule	ngingavuli
2nd singular	uvule	ungavuli
1st plural	sivule	singavuli
2nd plural	nivule	ningavuli
Class 1	avule	angavuli
Class 2	bavule	bangavuli
Class 3	uvule	ungavuli
Class 4	ivule	ingavuli
Class 5	livule	lingavuli
Class 6	avule	angavuli
Class 7	sivule	singavuli
Class 8	zivule	zingavuli
Class 9	ivule	ingavuli
Class 10	zivule	zingavuli
Class 11	luvule	lungavuli
Class 14	buvule	bungavuli
Class 15	kuvule	kungavuli
Class 17	kuvule	kungavuli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngavula	ngangavula, angavula, angangavula
2nd singular	wavula	wangavula, awavula, awangavula
1st plural	savula	sangavula, asavula, asangavula
2nd plural	navula	nangavula, anavula, anangavula
Class 1	wavula	wangavula, akavula, akangavula
Class 2	bavula	bangavula, abavula, abangavula
Class 3	wavula	wangavula, awavula, awangavula
Class 4	yavula	yangavula, ayavula, ayangavula
Class 5	lavula	langavula, alavula, alangavula
Class 6	avula	angavula, awavula, awangavula
Class 7	savula	sangavula, asavula, asangavula
Class 8	zavula	zangavula, azavula, azangavula
Class 9	yavula	yangavula, ayavula, ayangavula
Class 10	zavula	zangavula, azavula, azangavula
Class 11	lwavula	lwangavula, alwavula, alwangavula
Class 14	bavula	bangavula, abavula, abangavula
Class 15	kwavula	kwangavula, akwavula, akwangavula
Class 17	kwavula	kwangavula, akwavula, akwangavula

Derived terms edit

References edit

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vula (6.3)”