open
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ō'pən, IPA(key): /ˈəʊ.pən/
- (US) enPR: ō'pən, IPA(key): /ˈoʊ.pən/
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊpən
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”). Cognate with Scots apen (“open”), Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”), West Frisian iepen (“open”), Dutch open (“open”), Low German open, apen (“open”), German offen (“open”), Danish åben (“open”), Swedish öppen (“open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”), Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”), Icelandic opinn (“open”). Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.
AdjectiveEdit
open (comparative more open, superlative most open)
- (usually not comparable) Not closed.
- Able to be accessed (physically).
- Able to have something pass through or along it.
- Turn left after the second open door.
- 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:
- The open road, the dusty highway […]
- (of a body part) not covered, showing what is inside
- It was as if his body had gone to sleep standing up and with his eyes open.
- Not physically drawn together, closed, folded or contracted; extended.
- an open hand; an open flower
- 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight.
- (not comparable) Actively conducting or prepared to conduct business.
- Banks are not open on bank holidays.
- 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
- Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
- (comparable) Receptive.
- I am open to new ideas.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 19:38:
- Wherefore if Demetrius […] have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies.
- c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
- The service that I truly did his life, / Hath left me open to all injuries.
- 2005, Pamela J. Carter, Susan Lewsen, Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing Assistants (page 277)
- When the top sheet, blanket, and bedspread of a closed bed are turned back, or fanfolded, the closed bed becomes an open bed, or a bed ready to receive a patient or resident.
- 2021 April 2, Ciara Nugent, “Can Public Transit Survive the Pandemic? London's New Transport Commissioner Wants You to Believe It Can”, in Time[1]:
- A U.K. survey found attitudes toward public transit had been set back by two decades, with only 43% of drivers open to using their car less, even if public transport improves.
- (not comparable) Public
- He published an open letter to the governor on a full page of the New York Times.
- c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
- His thefts were too open.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- That I may find him, and with secret gaze / Or open admiration him behold.
- 2001, He, Xiaopei, “Chinese Queer (Tongzhi) Women Organizing in the 1990s”, in Ping-Chun Hsiung; Maria Jaschok; Cecilia Milwertz; Red Chan, editors, Chinese Women Organizing: Cadres, Feminists, Muslims, Queers[2], Berg, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 41:
- Due to severe and pervasive discrimination, people dared not be open about their homosexuality, and because no one would be open, social prejudice and discrimination became even stronger.
- (not comparable) With open access, of open science, or both.
- hopes for all aspects of the project being open rather than paywalled
- (not comparable) Candid, ingenuous, not subtle in character.
- The man is an open book.
- 1731-1735, Alexander Pope, Moral Essays
- with aspect open, shall erect his head
- c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
- The Moor is of a free and open nature.
- 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- The French are always open, familiar, and talkative.
- (now regional) Mild (of the weather); free from frost or snow.
- c. 1794, Jane Austen, Lady Susan:
- He desires me to tell you that the present open weather induces him to accept Mr Vernon's invitation to prolong his stay in Sussex that they may have some hunting together.
- c. 1794, Jane Austen, Lady Susan:
- (mathematics, logic, of a formula) Having a free variable.
- (mathematics, topology, of a set) Which is part of a predefined collection of subsets of , that defines a topological space on .
- (graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are different.
- (computing, not comparable, of a file, document, etc.) In current use; mapped to part of memory.
- I couldn't save my changes because another user had the same file open.
- (engineering, gas and liquid flow, of valve or damper) To be in a position allowing fluid to flow.
- (electricity, of a switch or circuit breaker) To be in a position preventing electricity from flowing.
- (business) Not fulfilled.
- I've got open orders for as many containers of red durum as you can get me.
- Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration.
- an open question
- to keep an offer or opportunity open
- your account will remain open until we receive final settlement.
- (music, stringed instruments) Of a note, played without pressing the string against the fingerboard.
- (music) Of a note, played without closing any finger-hole, key or valve.
- Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing waterways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; used of the weather or the climate.
- an open winter
- (law, of correspondence) Written or sent with the intention that it may made public or referred to at any trial, rather than by way of confidential private negotiation for a settlement.
- You will observe that this is an open letter and we reserve the right to mention it to the judge should the matter come to trial.
- (phonetics) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; said of vowels.
- 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 421:
- "Supposing somebody sees you, with all those flowers too? Supposing somebody writes him a letter? Ooooh!" (a pure round open Tamil O.)
- (phonetics) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure.
- (phonetics, of a syllable) That ends in a vowel; not having a coda.
- (computing, education) Made public, usable with a free licence and without proprietary components.
- (medicine) Resulting from an incision, puncture or any other process by which the skin no longer protects an internal part of the body.
- (computing, used before "code") Source code of a computer program that is not within the text of a macro being generated.
- (of a multi-word compound) Having component words separated by spaces, as opposed to being joined together or hyphenated; for example, time slot as opposed to timeslot or time-slot.
SynonymsEdit
- (not closed): accessible, unimpeded
- (ending in a vowel): free
- (with a free license and no proprietary components): free
AntonymsEdit
- (accessible): closed, shut
- (law): without prejudice
- (ending in a vowel): closed, checked
- (with a free license and no proprietary components): closed-source, proprietary
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- break open
- clopen
- drop open
- keep a weather eye open
- keep an eye open
- lay open
- open bar
- open book
- open cluster
- open compound
- open content
- open design
- open fireplace
- open fracture
- Open Game
- open goal
- open ground
- open harp
- open house
- open interest
- open letter
- open listing
- open loop
- open marriage
- open matte
- open mic
- open mind
- open outcry
- open outsourcing
- Open PaaS
- open problem
- open proxy
- open road
- open sandwich
- open sea
- open season
- open secret
- open sight
- open source
- open space
- open system
- Open University
- open water
- open-door policy
- open-heart surgery, open heart surgery
- open-jaw ticket
- open-kneed breeches
- open-top, open-topped
- open-topper
- openable
- openside
- wide open
- with open arms
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.
VerbEdit
open (third-person singular simple present opens, present participle opening, simple past and past participle opened)
- (transitive) To make something accessible or allow for passage by moving from a shut position.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess[3]:
- ‘No. I only opened the door a foot and put my head in. The street lamps shine into that room. I could see him. He was all right. Sleeping like a great grampus. Poor, poor chap.’
- Turn the doorknob to open the door.
- (transitive) To make (an open space, etc.) by clearing away an obstacle or obstacles, in order to allow for passage, access, or visibility.
- He opened a path through the undergrowth.
- (transitive, intransitive, engineering, gas and liquid flow, of valve or damper) To move to a position allowing fluid to flow.
- (transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position preventing electricity from flowing.
- (Manglish, Philippines) To turn on; to switch on.
- Open your webcam. ― Turn on your webcam.
- Open the fan please. ― Please switch on the fan.
- Open the lights please. ― Please turn on the lights.
- (transitive) To bring up, broach.
- I don't want to open that subject.
- (transitive) To enter upon, begin.
- to open a discussion
- to open fire upon an enemy
- to open trade, or correspondence
- to open a case in court, or a meeting
- (transitive) To spread; to expand into an open or loose position.
- to open a closed fist
- to open matted cotton by separating the fibres
- to open a map, book, or scroll
- (transitive) To make accessible to customers or clients.
- I will open the shop an hour early tomorrow.
- (transitive) To start (a campaign).
- Vermont will open elk hunting season next week.
- (intransitive) To become open.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.
- The door opened all by itself.
- (intransitive) To begin conducting business.
- The shop opens at 9:00.
- (intransitive, cricket) To begin a side's innings as one of the first two batsmen.
- (intransitive, poker) To bet before any other player has in a particular betting round in a game of poker.
- After the first two players fold, Julie opens for $5.
- (transitive, intransitive, poker) To reveal one's hand.
- Jeff opens his hand revealing a straight flush.
- (computing, transitive, intransitive, of a file, document, etc.) To load into memory for viewing or editing.
- (transitive, nursing) To make (a bed) ready for a patient by folding back the bedcovers.
- 2013, Susan C. deWit, Patricia A. Williams, Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing (page 318)
- Follow agency policy, or open the bed by folding the top linens back.
- 2013, Susan C. deWit, Patricia A. Williams, Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing (page 318)
- (obsolete) To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.
- 1622, Francis Bacon, The History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh
- The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 20:12:
- Unto thee have I opened my cause.
- 1622, Francis Bacon, The History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh
Usage notesEdit
- Due to the near-opposite meanings relating to fluid flow and electrical components, these usages are deprecated in safety-critical instructions, with the words to on or to off preferred, so instead of Open valve A; open switch B" use Turn valve A to ON; turn switch B to OFF.
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | (to) open | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | open | opened | |
2nd-person singular | open, openest† | opened, openedst† | |
3rd-person singular | opens, openeth† | opened | |
plural | open | ||
subjunctive | open | opened | |
imperative | open | — | |
participles | opening | opened |
SynonymsEdit
- (to make accessible): unseal
- (to bring up): raise
- (to enter upon): start; see also Thesaurus:begin
- (to disclose): bare; see also Thesaurus:reveal
AntonymsEdit
HyponymsEdit
- (to make accessible): crack (open a bit)
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 3Edit
From Middle English open (“an aperture or opening”), from the verb (see Etymology 2 above). In the sports sense, however, a shortening of “open competition”.
NounEdit
open (plural opens)
- (with the) Open or unobstructed space; an exposed location.
- I can't believe you left the lawnmower out in the open when you knew it was going to rain this afternoon!
- Wary of hunters, the fleeing deer kept well out of the open, dodging instead from thicket to thicket.
- (with the) Public knowledge or scrutiny; full view.
- We have got to bring this company's corrupt business practices into the open.
- (electronics) A defect in an electrical circuit preventing current from flowing.
- The electrician found the open in the circuit after a few minutes of testing.
- A sports event in which anybody can compete.
- the Australian Open
- The act of something being opened, such as an e-mail message.
- 2016, Ian Dodson, The Art of Digital Marketing (page 144)
- The total number of opens from original, or unique, subscribers.
- 2016, Ian Dodson, The Art of Digital Marketing (page 144)
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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AnagramsEdit
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch openen, from Middle Dutch ōpenen, from Old Dutch opanon, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
open (present open, present participle openende, past participle geopen)
- (transitive) to open
Related termsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
open m (plural open or òpens)
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Dutch ōpen, from Old Dutch opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz.
AdjectiveEdit
open (comparative opener, superlative openst)
InflectionEdit
Inflection of open | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | open | |||
inflected | open | |||
comparative | opener | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | open | opener | het openst het openste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | open | opener | openste |
n. sing. | open | opener | openste | |
plural | open | opener | openste | |
definite | open | opener | openste | |
partitive | opens | openers | — |
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
open
AnagramsEdit
FinnishEdit
NounEdit
open
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
open m (plural opens)
Further readingEdit
- “open”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz.
AdjectiveEdit
ōpen
InflectionEdit
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “open”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “open (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Middle EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English open, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz.
AdjectiveEdit
open (comparative more open, superlative most open)
- open
- 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9-11.
- And smale foweles maken melodye,
- That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
- (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
- And many little birds make melody
- That sleep through all the night with open eye
- (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)
- 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9-11.
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse opinn, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz. Compare Faroese opin, Icelandic opinn, Swedish öppen, Danish åben, Dutch open, Low German apen, open, German offen, West Frisian iepen, English open.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
open (neuter ope or opent, definite singular and plural opne, comparative opnare, indefinite superlative opnast, definite superlative opnaste)
- open
- Kvifor er døra open?
- Why is the door open?
Usage notesEdit
A common, but unofficial, feminine form is opa (“ei opa dør”, compare lita and inga). Up until 2012, opi was an optional official form, but was removed along with other forms like liti and ingi.
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “open” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *upanaz. Originally a past participle of Proto-Germanic *ūpaną (“to lift up, open”). Related to Old English upp (“up”). Cognate with Old Frisian open, Old Saxon opan, Old High German offan, and Old Norse opinn.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
open
- open
- 11th century, unknown translator, the Old English Apollonius of Tyre
- Þā ġeseah hē ānne nacodne cnapan ġeond þā strǣte rinnan. Sē wæs mid ele ġesmiered and mid sċīetan beġierded, and cleopode mid miċelre stefne and cwæþ, "Ġehīeraþ ġē ċeasterwaran, ġehīeraþ ġē ælþēodiġe, friġe and þēowe, æðele and unæðele: sē bæþstede is open!"
- Then he saw a naked boy running through the street. His body was smeared with oil and he was wearing a sheet around his waist, when he called out in a loud voice, "Attention citizens, attention foreigners, free and slave, noble and ignoble: the bathhouse is open!"
- 11th century, unknown translator, the Old English Apollonius of Tyre
DeclensionEdit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | open | open | open |
Accusative | openne | opene | open |
Genitive | openes | openre | openes |
Dative | openum | openre | openum |
Instrumental | opene | openre | opene |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | opene | opena, opene | open |
Accusative | opene | opena, opene | open |
Genitive | openra | openra | openra |
Dative | openum | openum | openum |
Instrumental | openum | openum | openum |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
PlautdietschEdit
AdjectiveEdit
open
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
open n (plural openuri)
- open (sports event)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) open | openul | (niște) openuri | openurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) open | openului | (unor) openuri | openurilor |
vocative | openule | openurilor |
ReferencesEdit
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
open m (plural opens or open)