Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuxubana
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuxubana
|
ukungaxubani
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
xubana
|
-xubane
|
Plural
|
xubanani
|
-xubaneni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyaxubana, ngixubana
|
engixubanayo, engixubana
|
ngixubana
|
angixubani
|
engingaxubani
|
ngingaxubani
|
2nd singular
|
uyaxubana, uxubana
|
oxubanayo, oxubana
|
uxubana
|
awuxubani
|
ongaxubani
|
ungaxubani
|
1st plural
|
siyaxubana, sixubana
|
esixubanayo, esixubana
|
sixubana
|
asixubani
|
esingaxubani
|
singaxubani
|
2nd plural
|
niyaxubana, nixubana
|
enixubanayo, enixubana
|
nixubana
|
anixubani
|
eningaxubani
|
ningaxubani
|
Class 1
|
uyaxubana, uxubana
|
oxubanayo, oxubana
|
exubana
|
akaxubani
|
ongaxubani
|
engaxubani
|
Class 2
|
bayaxubana, baxubana
|
abaxubanayo, abaxubana
|
bexubana
|
abaxubani
|
abangaxubani
|
bengaxubani
|
Class 3
|
uyaxubana, uxubana
|
oxubanayo, oxubana
|
uxubana
|
awuxubani
|
ongaxubani
|
ungaxubani
|
Class 4
|
iyaxubana, ixubana
|
exubanayo, exubana
|
ixubana
|
ayixubani
|
engaxubani
|
ingaxubani
|
Class 5
|
liyaxubana, lixubana
|
elixubanayo, elixubana
|
lixubana
|
alixubani
|
elingaxubani
|
lingaxubani
|
Class 6
|
ayaxubana, axubana
|
axubanayo, axubana
|
exubana
|
awaxubani
|
angaxubani
|
engaxubani
|
Class 7
|
siyaxubana, sixubana
|
esixubanayo, esixubana
|
sixubana
|
asixubani
|
esingaxubani
|
singaxubani
|
Class 8
|
ziyaxubana, zixubana
|
ezixubanayo, ezixubana
|
zixubana
|
azixubani
|
ezingaxubani
|
zingaxubani
|
Class 9
|
iyaxubana, ixubana
|
exubanayo, exubana
|
ixubana
|
ayixubani
|
engaxubani
|
ingaxubani
|
Class 10
|
ziyaxubana, zixubana
|
ezixubanayo, ezixubana
|
zixubana
|
azixubani
|
ezingaxubani
|
zingaxubani
|
Class 11
|
luyaxubana, luxubana
|
oluxubanayo, oluxubana
|
luxubana
|
aluxubani
|
olungaxubani
|
lungaxubani
|
Class 14
|
buyaxubana, buxubana
|
obuxubanayo, obuxubana
|
buxubana
|
abuxubani
|
obungaxubani
|
bungaxubani
|
Class 15
|
kuyaxubana, kuxubana
|
okuxubanayo, okuxubana
|
kuxubana
|
akuxubani
|
okungaxubani
|
kungaxubani
|
Class 17
|
kuyaxubana, kuxubana
|
okuxubanayo, okuxubana
|
kuxubana
|
akuxubani
|
okungaxubani
|
kungaxubani
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngixubanile, ngixubanē
|
engixubanile, engixubanē
|
ngixubanile, ngixubanē
|
angixubananga
|
engingaxubananga
|
ngingaxubananga
|
2nd singular
|
uxubanile, uxubanē
|
oxubanile, oxubanē
|
uxubanile, uxubanē
|
awuxubananga
|
ongaxubananga
|
ungaxubananga
|
1st plural
|
sixubanile, sixubanē
|
esixubanile, esixubanē
|
sixubanile, sixubanē
|
asixubananga
|
esingaxubananga
|
singaxubananga
|
2nd plural
|
nixubanile, nixubanē
|
enixubanile, enixubanē
|
nixubanile, nixubanē
|
anixubananga
|
eningaxubananga
|
ningaxubananga
|
Class 1
|
uxubanile, uxubanē
|
oxubanile, oxubanē
|
exubanile, exubanē
|
akaxubananga
|
ongaxubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
Class 2
|
baxubanile, baxubanē
|
abaxubanile, abaxubanē
|
bexubanile, bexubanē
|
abaxubananga
|
abangaxubananga
|
bengaxubananga
|
Class 3
|
uxubanile, uxubanē
|
oxubanile, oxubanē
|
uxubanile, uxubanē
|
awuxubananga
|
ongaxubananga
|
ungaxubananga
|
Class 4
|
ixubanile, ixubanē
|
exubanile, exubanē
|
ixubanile, ixubanē
|
ayixubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
ingaxubananga
|
Class 5
|
lixubanile, lixubanē
|
elixubanile, elixubanē
|
lixubanile, lixubanē
|
alixubananga
|
elingaxubananga
|
lingaxubananga
|
Class 6
|
axubanile, axubanē
|
axubanile, axubanē
|
exubanile, exubanē
|
awaxubananga
|
angaxubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
Class 7
|
sixubanile, sixubanē
|
esixubanile, esixubanē
|
sixubanile, sixubanē
|
asixubananga
|
esingaxubananga
|
singaxubananga
|
Class 8
|
zixubanile, zixubanē
|
ezixubanile, ezixubanē
|
zixubanile, zixubanē
|
azixubananga
|
ezingaxubananga
|
zingaxubananga
|
Class 9
|
ixubanile, ixubanē
|
exubanile, exubanē
|
ixubanile, ixubanē
|
ayixubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
ingaxubananga
|
Class 10
|
zixubanile, zixubanē
|
ezixubanile, ezixubanē
|
zixubanile, zixubanē
|
azixubananga
|
ezingaxubananga
|
zingaxubananga
|
Class 11
|
luxubanile, luxubanē
|
oluxubanile, oluxubanē
|
luxubanile, luxubanē
|
aluxubananga
|
olungaxubananga
|
lungaxubananga
|
Class 14
|
buxubanile, buxubanē
|
obuxubanile, obuxubanē
|
buxubanile, buxubanē
|
abuxubananga
|
obungaxubananga
|
bungaxubananga
|
Class 15
|
kuxubanile, kuxubanē
|
okuxubanile, okuxubanē
|
kuxubanile, kuxubanē
|
akuxubananga
|
okungaxubananga
|
kungaxubananga
|
Class 17
|
kuxubanile, kuxubanē
|
okuxubanile, okuxubanē
|
kuxubanile, kuxubanē
|
akuxubananga
|
okungaxubananga
|
kungaxubananga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāxubana
|
engāxubana
|
ngāxubana
|
angixubananga
|
engingaxubananga
|
ngingaxubananga
|
2nd singular
|
wāxubana
|
owāxubana
|
wāxubana
|
awuxubananga
|
ongaxubananga
|
ungaxubananga
|
1st plural
|
sāxubana
|
esāxubana
|
sāxubana
|
asixubananga
|
esingaxubananga
|
singaxubananga
|
2nd plural
|
nāxubana
|
enāxubana
|
nāxubana
|
anixubananga
|
eningaxubananga
|
ningaxubananga
|
Class 1
|
wāxubana
|
owāxubana
|
āxubana
|
akaxubananga
|
ongaxubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
Class 2
|
bāxubana
|
abāxubana
|
bāxubana
|
abaxubananga
|
abangaxubananga
|
bengaxubananga
|
Class 3
|
wāxubana
|
owāxubana
|
wāxubana
|
awuxubananga
|
ongaxubananga
|
ungaxubananga
|
Class 4
|
yāxubana
|
eyāxubana
|
yāxubana
|
ayixubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
ingaxubananga
|
Class 5
|
lāxubana
|
elāxubana
|
lāxubana
|
alixubananga
|
elingaxubananga
|
lingaxubananga
|
Class 6
|
āxubana
|
āxubana
|
āxubana
|
awaxubananga
|
angaxubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
Class 7
|
sāxubana
|
esāxubana
|
sāxubana
|
asixubananga
|
esingaxubananga
|
singaxubananga
|
Class 8
|
zāxubana
|
ezāxubana
|
zāxubana
|
azixubananga
|
ezingaxubananga
|
zingaxubananga
|
Class 9
|
yāxubana
|
eyāxubana
|
yāxubana
|
ayixubananga
|
engaxubananga
|
ingaxubananga
|
Class 10
|
zāxubana
|
ezāxubana
|
zāxubana
|
azixubananga
|
ezingaxubananga
|
zingaxubananga
|
Class 11
|
lwāxubana
|
olwāxubana
|
lwāxubana
|
aluxubananga
|
olungaxubananga
|
lungaxubananga
|
Class 14
|
bāxubana
|
obāxubana
|
bāxubana
|
abuxubananga
|
obungaxubananga
|
bungaxubananga
|
Class 15
|
kwāxubana
|
okwāxubana
|
kwāxubana
|
akuxubananga
|
okungaxubananga
|
kungaxubananga
|
Class 17
|
kwāxubana
|
okwāxubana
|
kwāxubana
|
akuxubananga
|
okungaxubananga
|
kungaxubananga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingaxubana
|
—
|
ngingaxubana
|
ngingexubane
|
—
|
ngingexubane
|
2nd singular
|
ungaxubana
|
—
|
ungaxubana
|
ungexubane
|
—
|
ungexubane
|
1st plural
|
singaxubana
|
—
|
singaxubana
|
singexubane
|
—
|
singexubane
|
2nd plural
|
ningaxubana
|
—
|
ningaxubana
|
ningexubane
|
—
|
ningexubane
|
Class 1
|
angaxubana
|
—
|
engaxubana
|
angexubane
|
—
|
engexubane
|
Class 2
|
bangaxubana
|
—
|
bengaxubana
|
bangexubane
|
—
|
bengexubane
|
Class 3
|
ungaxubana
|
—
|
ungaxubana
|
ungexubane
|
—
|
ungexubane
|
Class 4
|
ingaxubana
|
—
|
ingaxubana
|
ingexubane
|
—
|
ingexubane
|
Class 5
|
lingaxubana
|
—
|
lingaxubana
|
lingexubane
|
—
|
lingexubane
|
Class 6
|
angaxubana
|
—
|
engaxubana
|
angexubane
|
—
|
engexubane
|
Class 7
|
singaxubana
|
—
|
singaxubana
|
singexubane
|
—
|
singexubane
|
Class 8
|
zingaxubana
|
—
|
zingaxubana
|
zingexubane
|
—
|
zingexubane
|
Class 9
|
ingaxubana
|
—
|
ingaxubana
|
ingexubane
|
—
|
ingexubane
|
Class 10
|
zingaxubana
|
—
|
zingaxubana
|
zingexubane
|
—
|
zingexubane
|
Class 11
|
lungaxubana
|
—
|
lungaxubana
|
lungexubane
|
—
|
lungexubane
|
Class 14
|
bungaxubana
|
—
|
bungaxubana
|
bungexubane
|
—
|
bungexubane
|
Class 15
|
kungaxubana
|
—
|
kungaxubana
|
kungexubane
|
—
|
kungexubane
|
Class 17
|
kungaxubana
|
—
|
kungaxubana
|
kungexubane
|
—
|
kungexubane
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoxubana
|
engizoxubana
|
ngizoxubana
|
angizuxubana
|
engingezuxubana
|
ngingezuxubana
|
2nd singular
|
uzoxubana
|
ozoxubana
|
uzoxubana
|
awuzuxubana
|
ongezuxubana
|
ungezuxubana
|
1st plural
|
sizoxubana
|
esizoxubana
|
sizoxubana
|
asizuxubana
|
esingezuxubana
|
singezuxubana
|
2nd plural
|
nizoxubana
|
enizoxubana
|
nizoxubana
|
anizuxubana
|
eningezuxubana
|
ningezuxubana
|
Class 1
|
uzoxubana
|
ozoxubana
|
ezoxubana
|
akazuxubana
|
ongezuxubana
|
engezuxubana
|
Class 2
|
bazoxubana
|
abazoxubana
|
bezoxubana
|
abazuxubana
|
abangezuxubana
|
bengezuxubana
|
Class 3
|
uzoxubana
|
ozoxubana
|
uzoxubana
|
awuzuxubana
|
ongezuxubana
|
ungezuxubana
|
Class 4
|
izoxubana
|
ezoxubana
|
izoxubana
|
ayizuxubana
|
engezuxubana
|
ingezuxubana
|
Class 5
|
lizoxubana
|
elizoxubana
|
lizoxubana
|
alizuxubana
|
elingezuxubana
|
lingezuxubana
|
Class 6
|
azoxubana
|
azoxubana
|
ezoxubana
|
awazuxubana
|
angezuxubana
|
engezuxubana
|
Class 7
|
sizoxubana
|
esizoxubana
|
sizoxubana
|
asizuxubana
|
esingezuxubana
|
singezuxubana
|
Class 8
|
zizoxubana
|
ezizoxubana
|
zizoxubana
|
azizuxubana
|
ezingezuxubana
|
zingezuxubana
|
Class 9
|
izoxubana
|
ezoxubana
|
izoxubana
|
ayizuxubana
|
engezuxubana
|
ingezuxubana
|
Class 10
|
zizoxubana
|
ezizoxubana
|
zizoxubana
|
azizuxubana
|
ezingezuxubana
|
zingezuxubana
|
Class 11
|
luzoxubana
|
oluzoxubana
|
luzoxubana
|
aluzuxubana
|
olungezuxubana
|
lungezuxubana
|
Class 14
|
buzoxubana
|
obuzoxubana
|
buzoxubana
|
abuzuxubana
|
obungezuxubana
|
bungezuxubana
|
Class 15
|
kuzoxubana
|
okuzoxubana
|
kuzoxubana
|
akuzuxubana
|
okungezuxubana
|
kungezuxubana
|
Class 17
|
kuzoxubana
|
okuzoxubana
|
kuzoxubana
|
akuzuxubana
|
okungezuxubana
|
kungezuxubana
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoxubana
|
engiyoxubana
|
ngiyoxubana
|
angiyuxubana
|
engingeyuxubana
|
ngingeyuxubana
|
2nd singular
|
uyoxubana
|
oyoxubana
|
uyoxubana
|
awuyuxubana
|
ongeyuxubana
|
ungeyuxubana
|
1st plural
|
siyoxubana
|
esiyoxubana
|
siyoxubana
|
asiyuxubana
|
esingeyuxubana
|
singeyuxubana
|
2nd plural
|
niyoxubana
|
eniyoxubana
|
niyoxubana
|
aniyuxubana
|
eningeyuxubana
|
ningeyuxubana
|
Class 1
|
uyoxubana
|
oyoxubana
|
eyoxubana
|
akayuxubana
|
ongeyuxubana
|
engeyuxubana
|
Class 2
|
bayoxubana
|
abayoxubana
|
beyoxubana
|
abayuxubana
|
abangeyuxubana
|
bengeyuxubana
|
Class 3
|
uyoxubana
|
oyoxubana
|
uyoxubana
|
awuyuxubana
|
ongeyuxubana
|
ungeyuxubana
|
Class 4
|
iyoxubana
|
eyoxubana
|
iyoxubana
|
ayiyuxubana
|
engeyuxubana
|
ingeyuxubana
|
Class 5
|
liyoxubana
|
eliyoxubana
|
liyoxubana
|
aliyuxubana
|
elingeyuxubana
|
lingeyuxubana
|
Class 6
|
ayoxubana
|
ayoxubana
|
eyoxubana
|
awayuxubana
|
angeyuxubana
|
engeyuxubana
|
Class 7
|
siyoxubana
|
esiyoxubana
|
siyoxubana
|
asiyuxubana
|
esingeyuxubana
|
singeyuxubana
|
Class 8
|
ziyoxubana
|
eziyoxubana
|
ziyoxubana
|
aziyuxubana
|
ezingeyuxubana
|
zingeyuxubana
|
Class 9
|
iyoxubana
|
eyoxubana
|
iyoxubana
|
ayiyuxubana
|
engeyuxubana
|
ingeyuxubana
|
Class 10
|
ziyoxubana
|
eziyoxubana
|
ziyoxubana
|
aziyuxubana
|
ezingeyuxubana
|
zingeyuxubana
|
Class 11
|
luyoxubana
|
oluyoxubana
|
luyoxubana
|
aluyuxubana
|
olungeyuxubana
|
lungeyuxubana
|
Class 14
|
buyoxubana
|
obuyoxubana
|
buyoxubana
|
abuyuxubana
|
obungeyuxubana
|
bungeyuxubana
|
Class 15
|
kuyoxubana
|
okuyoxubana
|
kuyoxubana
|
akuyuxubana
|
okungeyuxubana
|
kungeyuxubana
|
Class 17
|
kuyoxubana
|
okuyoxubana
|
kuyoxubana
|
akuyuxubana
|
okungeyuxubana
|
kungeyuxubana
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngixubane
|
ngingaxubani
|
2nd singular
|
uxubane
|
ungaxubani
|
1st plural
|
sixubane
|
singaxubani
|
2nd plural
|
nixubane
|
ningaxubani
|
Class 1
|
axubane
|
angaxubani
|
Class 2
|
baxubane
|
bangaxubani
|
Class 3
|
uxubane
|
ungaxubani
|
Class 4
|
ixubane
|
ingaxubani
|
Class 5
|
lixubane
|
lingaxubani
|
Class 6
|
axubane
|
angaxubani
|
Class 7
|
sixubane
|
singaxubani
|
Class 8
|
zixubane
|
zingaxubani
|
Class 9
|
ixubane
|
ingaxubani
|
Class 10
|
zixubane
|
zingaxubani
|
Class 11
|
luxubane
|
lungaxubani
|
Class 14
|
buxubane
|
bungaxubani
|
Class 15
|
kuxubane
|
kungaxubani
|
Class 17
|
kuxubane
|
kungaxubani
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngaxubana
|
ngangaxubana, angaxubana, angangaxubana
|
2nd singular
|
waxubana
|
wangaxubana, awaxubana, awangaxubana
|
1st plural
|
saxubana
|
sangaxubana, asaxubana, asangaxubana
|
2nd plural
|
naxubana
|
nangaxubana, anaxubana, anangaxubana
|
Class 1
|
waxubana
|
wangaxubana, akaxubana, akangaxubana
|
Class 2
|
baxubana
|
bangaxubana, abaxubana, abangaxubana
|
Class 3
|
waxubana
|
wangaxubana, awaxubana, awangaxubana
|
Class 4
|
yaxubana
|
yangaxubana, ayaxubana, ayangaxubana
|
Class 5
|
laxubana
|
langaxubana, alaxubana, alangaxubana
|
Class 6
|
axubana
|
angaxubana, awaxubana, awangaxubana
|
Class 7
|
saxubana
|
sangaxubana, asaxubana, asangaxubana
|
Class 8
|
zaxubana
|
zangaxubana, azaxubana, azangaxubana
|
Class 9
|
yaxubana
|
yangaxubana, ayaxubana, ayangaxubana
|
Class 10
|
zaxubana
|
zangaxubana, azaxubana, azangaxubana
|
Class 11
|
lwaxubana
|
lwangaxubana, alwaxubana, alwangaxubana
|
Class 14
|
baxubana
|
bangaxubana, abaxubana, abangaxubana
|
Class 15
|
kwaxubana
|
kwangaxubana, akwaxubana, akwangaxubana
|
Class 17
|
kwaxubana
|
kwangaxubana, akwaxubana, akwangaxubana
|