zmiana
See also: zmianą
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienic.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
zmiana f
- change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
- shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
- shift (group of workers working at that defined period)
Derived terms edit
adjective
adverb
Related terms edit
noun
verbs
Further reading edit
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “zmjana”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego[2] (in Kashubian), page 271
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[3], volume 2, page 1579
- “zmiana”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienić. First attested in the 16th century.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈzmja.na/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈzmja.na/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ana
- Syllabification: zmia‧na
Noun edit
zmiana f
- change, shift (process or result of not being the same as before)
- change (process or result of replacing someone or something)
- shift (time in which a different group of workers start working)
- pierwsza/druga/trzecia zmiana ― first/second/third shift
- shift (workers working at such a time)
- change (set of sheets for sleeping)
- (obsolete, theater) scene (part of a play or musical in which the curtains drop and decorations change)
- Synonym: odsłona
- (obsolete, agriculture) division of a field during crop rotation
Declension edit
Declension of zmiana
Derived terms edit
adjective
adverb
noun
Related terms edit
adverb
nouns
verbs
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zmiana is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 80 times in scientific texts, 36 times in news, 68 times in essays, 19 times in fiction, and 6 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 209 times, making it the 265th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References edit
- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “zmiana”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 777
Further reading edit
- zmiana in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- zmiana in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “zmiana”, in Słownik języka polskiego[4]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “zmiana”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[5]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “zmiana”, in Słownik języka polskiego[6] (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 554
- zmiana in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmiynić.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
zmiana f (diminutive zmianka or zmiynka)
- change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
- shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
- shift (group of workers working at that defined period)
Related terms edit
verbs
Further reading edit
- zmiana in silling.org