ātrs
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Baltic *ātro-, *ātra-, from Proto-Indo-European *ētro- (“quick, fast”). Another possible etymological source is Proto-Indo-European *āter-, *ātr- (“fire”) (compare Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (ātar, “fire”), in which case the semantic evolution would be “hot” > “fiery, passionate” > “fast, quick.” It is also possible that *ētro- and *āter- have the same origin, or are ultimately the same stem.
Cognates include dialectal Lithuanian otrùs (“sensitive, delicate; passionate, diligent, laborious”), Old High German ātar (“sharp; subtle; quick, fast”) (< *ētró-); some researchers include also the old Thracian river name Ἄθρυς (Áthrus) (now Jantra, in Bulgaria).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ātrs (definite ātrais, comparative ātrāks, superlative visātrākais, adverb ātri)
- fast, quick, rapid (capable of moving long distances in a short time; in rapid tempo)
- ātra mašīna ― fast car
- visātrakais skrējējs ― the fastest runner
- ātra runa ― fast talk
- ātra izaugsme ― rapid growth
- pulkstenis ir ātrāks ― the clock is fast (= shows the wrong time, later than it really is)
- visātrākais ir gaismas stars; tā atrums ir 300 000 kilometru sekundē ― the fastest (entity) is a light ray; its speed is 300 000 kilometers per second
- fast, quick (which takes place or is made in a short time)
- ātrs skrējiens ― quick race
- ātra elpošana ― quick breathing
- ātra uzvara ― quick victory
- ātra nāve ― quick death
- ātrs lēmums ― quick decision
- ātrā (medicīniskā) palīdzība ― first aid (lit. quick medical help)
- (of people) quick to become angry, short-tempered, temperamental
- ātras dabas cilvkēs ― short-tempered person (lit. a person with a quick nature)
- lepna un ātra tā pārtrauca īso sarunu, paturēdama pēdējo vārdu ― proud and quick (= short-tempered), she interrupted the short conversation, keeping the last word (for herself)
- (of looks, smiles) quick (lasting a short time)
- tad viņš uzmeta ātru skatu Ilzei ― then he cast a quick glance at Ilze
Declension edit
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of ātrs
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | ātrs | ātri | ātra | ātras | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | ātru | ātrus | ātru | ātras | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | ātra | ātru | ātras | ātru | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | ātram | ātriem | ātrai | ātrām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | ātru | ātriem | ātru | ātrām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | ātrā | ātros | ātrā | ātrās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ātrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN