κρύος
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
Uncertain. Traditionally considered from Proto-Indo-European *krews- and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes there are semantic problems with this connection. Also compare Tocharian B kuraś (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”). Also see κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) and κρυμός (krumós).
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krý.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkri.os/
Noun edit
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei |
τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ους toû krúous |
τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn |
τῶν κρῠῶν tôn kruôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ει tôi krúei |
τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn |
τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ / κρῠ́εσῐν toîs krúesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei |
τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ος krúos |
κρῠ́ει krúei |
κρῠ́η krúē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ κρῠ́ος ho krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō |
οἱ κρῠ́οι hoi krúoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ου toû krúou |
τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin |
τῶν κρῠ́ων tôn krúōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ῳ tôi krúōi |
τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin |
τοῖς κρῠ́οις toîs krúois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν κρῠ́ον tòn krúon |
τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō |
τοὺς κρῠ́ους toùs krúous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ε krúe |
κρῠ́ω krúō |
κρῠ́οι krúoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants edit
References edit
- “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κρύος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κρύος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- κρύος - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.
Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos).
Compare Mariupol Greek кри́ю (kríju).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
κρύος • (krýos) m (feminine κρύα, neuter κρύο)
Declension edit
Declension of κρύος
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | κρύος • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
genitive | κρύου • | κρύας • | κρύου • | κρύων • | κρύων • | κρύων • |
accusative | κρύο • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύους • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
vocative | κρύε • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) |
Coordinate terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- κρύος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.