φθόνος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

De Vaan tentatively suggests a connection with φθάνω (phthánō, “to anticipate, be ahead of”). According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰtʰó.nos/ → /ˈɸθo.nos/ → /ˈfθo.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰtʰó.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰtʰo.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸθo.nos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfθo.nos/

Noun

φθόνος • (phthónos) m (genitive φθόνου); second declension

1. envy, jealousy
2. malice, grudge, ill will
3. cause for indignation, reproach
4. jealousy of the gods
5. refusal for feelings of ill will or envy, grudging

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ φθόνος; τοῦ φθόνου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ φθόνος ho phthónos	τὼ φθόνω tṑ phthónō	οἱ φθόνοι hoi phthónoi
Genitive	τοῦ φθόνου toû phthónou	τοῖν φθόνοιν toîn phthónoin	τῶν φθόνων tôn phthónōn
Dative	τῷ φθόνῳ tôi phthónōi	τοῖν φθόνοιν toîn phthónoin	τοῖς φθόνοις toîs phthónois
Accusative	τὸν φθόνον tòn phthónon	τὼ φθόνω tṑ phthónō	τοὺς φθόνους toùs phthónous
Vocative	φθόνε phthóne	φθόνω phthónō	φθόνοι phthónoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἄφθονος (áphthonos)
• φθονερός (phthonerós)
• φθονερῐ́ᾱ (phthoneríā)
• φθονέω (phthonéō)
• φθόνησῐς (phthónēsis)
• φθονητέον (phthonētéon)
• φθονητῐκός (phthonētikós)
• φθονόλετρος (phthonóletros)

 

Descendants

• Greek: φτόνος (ftónos)
• → Coptic: ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ (phthonos)
• → Greek: φθόνος (fthónos)

Further reading

• “φθόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φθόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• φθόνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “φθόνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5355 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • animus idem, page 30.
  • denial idem, page 210.
  • disfavour idem, page 233.
  • displeasure idem, page 237.
  • envy idem, page 279.
  • grudge idem, page 376.
  • grudging idem, page 376.
  • hatred idem, page 388.
  • hostility idem, page 407.
  • ill will idem, page 416.
  • jealousy idem, page 462.
  • loathing idem, page 496.
  • malice idem, page 510.
  • malignity idem, page 510.
  • mischief idem, page 533.
  • odium idem, page 569.
  • offence idem, page 571.
  • pique idem, page 614.
  • prejudice idem, page 634.
  • rancour idem, page 670.
  • refusal idem, page 685.
  • reluctance idem, page 692.
  • repulse idem, page 699.
  • revenge idem, page 709.
  • spite idem, page 802.
  • stint idem, page 818.
  • unpopularity idem, page 927.
  • venom idem, page 947.
  • will idem, page 979.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φθόνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1571

Greek

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φθόνος (phthónos). Doublet of φτόνος (ftónos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
• Hyphenation: φθό‧νος

Noun

φθόνος • (fthónos) m (uncountable)

1. envy, jealousy

Declension

  φθόνος

case     \     number	singular
nominative	φθόνος •
genitive	φθόνου •
accusative	φθόνο •
vocative	φθόνε •

Synonyms

• ζήλεια f (zíleia)
• ζηλοφθονία f (zilofthonía)