vacation; fake; false vacation; fake; false; artificial; to borrow; if; suppose |
make or cause to be; order; command make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (假令) | 假 | 令 | |
| simp. #(假令) | 假 | 令 | |
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 假 | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 清 (121) | 清 (121) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 古疋切 | 呂貞切 | 力政切 | 郎定切 |
| Baxter | kaeX | ljeng | ljengH | lengH |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠaX/ | /liᴇŋ/ | /liᴇŋH/ | /leŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kᵚaX/ | /liɛŋ/ | /liɛŋH/ | /leŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kaX/ | /liæŋ/ | /liæŋH/ | /lɛŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kaɨX/ | /liajŋ/ | /liajŋH/ | /lɛjŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/kaX/ | /liɛŋ/ | /liɛŋH/ | /leŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/kaX/ | /lĭɛŋ/ | /lĭɛŋH/ | /lieŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kaX/ | /li̯ɛŋ/ | /li̯ɛŋH/ | /lieŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiǎ | líng | lìng | lìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
gaa2 | ling4 | ling6 | ling6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 假 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiǎ | líng | lìng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kæX › | ‹ ljeng › | ‹ ljengH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.kˁraʔ/ | /*riŋ/ | /*riŋ-s/ |
| English | borrow; false | send (a person) | issue a command |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 假 | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/5 | 3/5 | 5/5 |
| No. | 5955 | 8277 | 8284 | 8332 |
| Phonetic component |
叚 | 令 | 令 | 令 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 耕 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
檟 | 跉 | 令 | 零 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kraːʔ/ | /*reŋ/ | /*reŋs/ | /*reːŋs/ |
假令