劫波

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (劫波)		劫	波
alternative forms		劫簸

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “kalpa”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiébō

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gip³ bo¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiébō
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄅㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiébo
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-po¹
    • Yale: jyé-bwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyebo
    • Palladius: цзебо (czebo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gip³ bo¹
    • Yale: gip bō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gip⁸ bo¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gib³ bo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːp̚³ pɔː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kjaep pa

Rime
Character	劫	波
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	業 (147)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居怯切	博禾切
Baxter	kjaep	pa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐp̚/	/puɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐp̚/	/puɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐp̚/	/puɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨap̚/	/pwa/
Li Rong	/kiap̚/	/puɑ/
Wang Li	/kĭɐp̚/	/puɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐp̚/	/puɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	bō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gip3	bo1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ap  pˤaj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kab  paːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	劫	波
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jié	bō
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæp ›	‹ pa ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)ap/	/*pˁaj/
English	rob	wave (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	劫	劫	波
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	6438	10694	9719
Phonetic component	劫	去	皮
Rime group	盍	盍	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	劫	劫	波
Old Chinese	/*kab/	/*kab/	/*paːl/
Notes	荀子從刀，又譯kalpa	荀子從刀，又梵譯kalpa

Noun

劫波

1. (Buddhism) kalpa (a unit of cosmological time)

See also

• 劫 (jié)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “劫簸” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].