壯士

Chinese

		to strengthen; strong; robust	scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (壯士)		壯	士
simp. (壮士)		壮	士

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuàngshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³ si⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chòng-sǐr / chòng-sū

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngshì → zhuàngshi (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄕˋ → ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄕ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngshi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: chuang⁴-shih⁵
    • Yale: jwàng-shr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq.shyh
    • Palladius: чжуанши (čžuanši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zong³ si⁶
    • Yale: jong sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zong³ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³ siː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòng-sǐr
    • Tâi-lô: tsòng-sǐr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòng-sū
    • Tâi-lô: tsòng-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zorngsu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsrjangH dzriX

Rime
Character	壯	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	側亮切	鉏里切
Baxter	tsrjangH	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨɐŋH/	/d͡ʒɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂiɐŋH/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiɑŋH/	/d͡ʒieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂɨaŋH/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiaŋH/	/d͡ʒiəX/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭaŋH/	/d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯aŋH/	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuàng	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong3	zi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]<r>aŋ-s  [m-s-]rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraŋs  zrɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壯	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuàng	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrjangH ›	‹ dzriX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]<r>aŋ-s/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English	robust	officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壯	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10307	11511
Phonetic component	爿	士
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	壯	士
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraŋs/	/*zrɯʔ/

Noun

壯士

1. heroic man; warrior

Synonyms

• 健兒／健儿 (jiàn'ér)
• 勇士 (yǒngshì)
• 戰士／战士 (zhànshì)
• 武人 (wǔrén)
• 武士 (wǔshì)
• 虎賁／虎贲 (hǔbēn) (archaic)
• 鬥士／斗士 (dòushì)

 

Derived terms

• 壯士斷腕／壮士断腕 (zhuàngshìduànwàn)
• 壯士解腕／壮士解腕
• 蝮蛇螫手，壯士斷腕／蝮蛇螫手，壮士断腕

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (壯士):

• → Japanese: 壮(そう)士(し) (sōshi)
• → Korean: 장사(壯士) (jangsa)
• → Vietnamese: tráng sĩ (壯士)