工具

Chinese edit

		work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour	tool; device; utensil tool; device; utensil; equipment; instrument
simp. and trad. (工具)		工	具

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngjù

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄩˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gung¹ geoi⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): guung¹ gui⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-khí
Eastern Min (BUC): gĕ̤ng-gê̤ṳ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kang-kū / kang-kī / kang-khū

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ gu⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹kon-ciu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjù
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongjyù
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chü⁴
  - Yale: gūng-jyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjiuh
  - Palladius: гунцзюй (gunczjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ geoi⁶
  - Yale: gūng geuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ goey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ gêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɵy̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: guung¹ gui⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵŋ³³ kui³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-khí
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung´ ki`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ ki³
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ kʰi³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕ̤ng-gê̤ṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋøy²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-kū
  - Tâi-lô: kang-kū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kangku
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³ ku⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ku²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ku³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-kī
  - Tâi-lô: kang-kī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kangki
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-khū
  - Tâi-lô: kang-khū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kangqu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹ gu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang kŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³⁻²³ ku³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹kon-ciu
  - MiniDict: kon^平 ciu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon-jy
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy²¹/

Noun edit

工具

(literally) tool; instrument; implement (Classifier: 件 m)
書寫工具／书写工具 ― shūxiě gōngjù ― writing implement

營銷工具／营销工具 ― yíngxiāo gōngjù ― marketing tool

金融工具 ― jīnróng gōngjù ― financial instrument
(figuratively) means; way; tool (Classifier: 個／个 m)
交流工具 ― jiāoliú gōngjù ― means of communication

書是傳遞文明的工具。 [MSC, trad.]
书是传递文明的工具。 [MSC, simp.]
Shū shì chuándì wénmíng de gōngjù. [Pinyin]
Books are the way in which civilization is transmitted.

Synonyms edit

(tool):

器 (qì) (literary, or in compounds)
器具 (qìjù)
器物 (qìwù)
器用 (qìyòng) (literary)
器皿 (qìmǐn)
用具 (yòngjù)
用器 (yòngqì) (literary)

(means):

主意
作法 (zuòfǎ)
做法 (zuòfǎ)
卯竅／卯窍 (mao³ qiao⁴) (Sichuanese)
套套 (tau³ tau^3-2) (Jin, colloquial)
對策／对策 (duìcè)
手段 (shǒuduàn)
措施 (cuòshī)
方式 (fāngshì)
方法 (fāngfǎ)
法子 (colloquial)
法度 (Hokkien)
渠道 (qúdào)
竅門／窍门 (qiàomén)
竅門兒／窍门儿 (qiàoménr)
管道 (guǎndào) (figurative, especially of communication)
行法 (xíngfǎ) (literary)
訣竅／诀窍 (juéqiào)
訣要／诀要 (juéyào)
路子 (lùzi)
路徑／路径 (lùjìng)
蹊徑／蹊径 (xījìng) (literary, figurative)
辦法／办法 (bànfǎ)
途徑／途径 (tújìng)
進路／进路 (jìnlù)
道理 (dàolǐ)
道術／道术 (dàoshù) (literary)
道道 (dau³ dau^3-2) (Jin)
門徑／门径 (ménjìng)
門路／门路 (ménlù)
門道／门道 (méndao)
門頭／门头 (méntóu) (literary, figurative)
頭路／头路 (tóulù) (colloquial)

Derived terms edit

交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)
作案工具 (zuò'àn gōngjù)
宣傳工具／宣传工具 (xuānchuán gōngjù)
工具人 (gōngjùrén)
工具包 (gōngjùbāo)
工具書／工具书 (gōngjùshū)
工具格 (gōngjùgé)
工具欄／工具栏 (gōngjùlán)
工具箱 (gōngjùxiāng)
工具鋼／工具钢 (gōngjùgāng)
工具鏈／工具链 (gōngjùliàn)
生產工具／生产工具 (shēngchǎn gōngjù)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (工具):

→ Japanese: 工具(こうぐ) (kōgu)
→ Korean: 공구(工具) (gonggu)
→ Vietnamese: công cụ (工具)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
工	具
こう Grade: 2	ぐ Grade: 3
kan’on	goon

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

工具

Wikipedia ^ja

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) こーぐ [kóꜜògù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɡɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

工(こう)具(ぐ) • (kōgu)

tools (especially for craftsmanship or carpentry)

Hypernyms edit

道(どう)具(ぐ) (dōgu)

Hyponyms edit

金(かな)槌(づち) (kanazuchi), 鉋(かんな) (kanna), スパナ (supana), 鏨(たがね) (tagane), 鋸(のこぎり) (nokogiri), 鑿(のみ) (nomi), 半(はん)田(だ)鏝(ごて) (handagote), ペンチ (penchi), やすり (yasuri)

Derived terms edit

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
工	具

Noun edit

工具 • (gonggu) (hangeul 공구)

Hanja form^? of 공구 (“tool”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
工	具

Noun edit

工具

chữ Hán form of công cụ (“tool; instrument”).

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]