心得

Chinese

		heart; mind	get; obtain; gain get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to
simp. and trad. (心得)		心	得

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xīndé

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄉㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sam¹ dak¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sîm-tet
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sim-tek / sim-tiak

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīndé
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄉㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sindé
    • Wade–Giles: hsin¹-tê²
    • Yale: syīn-dé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinder
    • Palladius: синьдэ (sinʹdɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sam¹ dak¹
    • Yale: sām dāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam¹ dak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem¹ deg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîm-tet
    • Hakka Romanization System: xim´ ded`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xim¹ ded⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sim²⁴ tet̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim-tek
    • Tâi-lô: sim-tik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: simdeg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sim⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim-tiak
    • Tâi-lô: sim-tiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: simdiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sim³³ tiak̚⁵/

Noun

心得

1. what one has learnt from study, work or experience; knowledge gained

Synonyms

• 學問／学问 (xuéwèn)
• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 智識／智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
• 知識／知识
• 聞見／闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)
• 見聞／见闻 (jiànwén)
• 見識／见识 (jiànshí)
• 認識／认识
• 識見／识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

 

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
心	得
こころ Grade: 2	え Grade: 5
kun’yomi

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 心(こころ)得(え)る (kokoroeru, “to know, understand”), from classical verb 心(こころ)得(う) (kokorou, see below).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こころ​え [kòkóróꜜè] (Nakadaka – [3])
• (Tokyo) こころえ​ [kòkóróéꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
• (Tokyo) こころえ [kòkóróé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ko̞ɾo̞e̞]

Noun

心(こころ)得(え) • (kokoroe) 

1. knowledge of, knowing something of, experience in

   音楽(おんがく)の心得(こころえ)がある

   ongaku no kokoroe ga aru

   I have experience in music

2. regulations, instructions

   登山(とざん)の心得(こころえ)

   tozan no kokoroe

   instructions for mountain climbing

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 不(ふ)心(こころ)得(え) (fukokoroe, “indiscretion; imprudence”)
• 不(ふ)心(こころ)得(え)を戒(いまし)める (fukokoroe o imashimeru, “to caution a person against misconduct”)
• 不(ふ)心(こころ)得(え)者(もの) (fukokoroemono, “imprudent (misguided) fellow”)
• 執(しつ)務(む)心(こころ)得(え) (shitsumu kokoroe, “guide to office routine; guide to the performance of official duties”)
• 心(こころ)得(え)違(ちが)い (kokoroe chigai, “imprudence; misbehavior; misbehaviour; misunderstanding”)
• 心(こころ)得(え)難(がた)い (kokoroe gatai, “hard to understand or accept”)
• 心(こころ)得(え)顔(がお) (kokoroegao, “knowing look”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
心	得
こころ Grade: 2	ゆ Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
心	得
こころ Grade: 2	う Grade: 5
kun’yomi

心(こころ) (kokoro, “heart”) + 得(う) (u, Classical Japanese form of 得(え)る (eru, “to get”))

Verb

心(こころ)得(う) or 心(こころ)得(ゆ) • (kokorou or kokoroyu) ^†nidan

1. Classical Japanese form of 心得る (kokoroeru)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "心得" (ア行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	心得	こころえ	kokoroe
Continuative (連用形)	心得	こころえ	kokoroe
Terminal (終止形)	心得	こころう	kokorou
Attributive (連体形)	心得る	こころうる	kokorouru
Realis (已然形)	心得れ	こころうれ	kokoroure
Imperative (命令形)	心得よ	こころえよ	kokoroeyo
Key constructions
Negative	心得ず	こころえず	kokoroezu
Contrasting conjunction	心得れど	こころうれど	kokorouredo
Causal conjunction	心得れば	こころうれば	kokoroureba
Conditional conjunction	心得ば	こころえば	kokoroeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	心得き	こころえき	kokoroeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	心得けり	こころえけり	kokoroekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	心得つ	こころえつ	kokoroetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	心得ぬ	こころえぬ	kokoroenu
Perfect-continuative tense	心得たり	こころえたり	kokoroetari
Volitional	心得む	こころえむ	kokoroemu

Classical conjugation of "心得" (ヤ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	心得	こころえ	kokoroe
Continuative (連用形)	心得	こころえ	kokoroe
Terminal (終止形)	心得	こころゆ	kokoroyu
Attributive (連体形)	心得る	こころゆる	kokoroyuru
Realis (已然形)	心得れ	こころゆれ	kokoroyure
Imperative (命令形)	心得よ	こころえよ	kokoroeyo
Key constructions
Negative	心得ず	こころえず	kokoroezu
Contrasting conjunction	心得れど	こころゆれど	kokoroyuredo
Causal conjunction	心得れば	こころゆれば	kokoroyureba
Conditional conjunction	心得ば	こころえば	kokoroeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	心得き	こころえき	kokoroeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	心得けり	こころえけり	kokoroekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	心得つ	こころえつ	kokoroetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	心得ぬ	こころえぬ	kokoroenu
Perfect-continuative tense	心得たり	こころえたり	kokoroetari
Volitional	心得む	こころえむ	kokoroemu

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.