抽象
Chinese
editto draw out; to smoke (cigarettes); to pump | shape; form; appearance shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (抽象) | 抽 | 象 | |
simp. #(抽象) | 抽 | 象 |
Etymology
editWasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽象 (chūshō)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cau1 zoeng6
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): thiu-siǒng / thiu-siōng / thiu-chhiāng
- (Teochew, Peng'im): tiu1 siang6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chousiàng
- Wade–Giles: chʻou1-hsiang4
- Yale: chōu-syàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choushianq
- Palladius: чоусян (čousjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cau1 zoeng6
- Yale: chāu jeuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsau1 dzoeng6
- Guangdong Romanization: ceo1 zêng6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-siǒng
- Tâi-lô: thiu-siǒng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-siōng
- Tâi-lô: thiu-siōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiusiong
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-chhiāng
- Tâi-lô: thiu-tshiāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiuchiang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiu1 siang6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiu siăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Adjective
edit抽象
- abstract (not specific)
Synonyms
edit- 空洞 (kōngdòng)
Antonyms
editVerb
edit抽象
- to form a general idea from particular circumstances; to abstract
Derived terms
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
抽 | 象 |
ちゅう Grade: S |
しょう Grade: 5 |
on'yomi | kan'on |
Etymology
editAppeared in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō as a translation of English abstract, as opposed to concrete.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit抽象 • (chūshō) ←ちうしやう (tiusyau)?
- abstraction
- 1927, Kiyoshi Miki, Yuibutshu-shikan to Gendai no Ishiki[2]:
- 私はこのことをマルクスから學んだ。それは實にマルクスが「歴史的抽象」(historische Abstraktion)と呼んだところの過程である。
- Watashi wa kono koto o Marukusu kara mananda. Sore wa jitsu ni Marukusu ga “rekishiteki chūshō” (historische Abstraktion) to yonda tokoro no katei de aru.
- I learned this from Marx: he called it “historical abstraction” (historische Abstraktion).
- 私はこのことをマルクスから學んだ。それは實にマルクスが「歴史的抽象」(historische Abstraktion)と呼んだところの過程である。
Derived terms
edit- 抽象化 (chūshōka)
- 抽象画 (chūshōga)
- 抽象概念 (chūshō gainen)
- 抽象芸術 (chūshō geijutsu)
- 抽象性 (chūshōsei)
- 抽象代数学 (chūshō daisūgaku)
- 抽象的 (chūshōteki)
- 抽象表現主義 (chūshō hyōgen shugi)
- 抽象名詞 (chūshō meishi)
- 抽象論 (chūshōron)
Verb
edit抽象する • (chūshō suru) ←ちうしやう (tiusyau)?suru (stem 抽象し (chūshō shi), past 抽象した (chūshō shita))
- to grasp the abstract points
Conjugation
editConjugation of "抽象する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 抽象し | ちゅうしょうし | chūshō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 抽象し | ちゅうしょうし | chūshō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 抽象する | ちゅうしょうする | chūshō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 抽象する | ちゅうしょうする | chūshō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 抽象すれ | ちゅうしょうすれ | chūshō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 抽象せよ¹ 抽象しろ² |
ちゅうしょうせよ¹ ちゅうしょうしろ² |
chūshō seyo¹ chūshō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 抽象される | ちゅうしょうされる | chūshō sareru | |
Causative | 抽象させる 抽象さす |
ちゅうしょうさせる ちゅうしょうさす |
chūshō saseru chūshō sasu | |
Potential | 抽象できる | ちゅうしょうできる | chūshō dekiru | |
Volitional | 抽象しよう | ちゅうしょうしよう | chūshō shiyō | |
Negative | 抽象しない | ちゅうしょうしない | chūshō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 抽象せず | ちゅうしょうせず | chūshō sezu | |
Formal | 抽象します | ちゅうしょうします | chūshō shimasu | |
Perfective | 抽象した | ちゅうしょうした | chūshō shita | |
Conjunctive | 抽象して | ちゅうしょうして | chūshō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 抽象すれば | ちゅうしょうすれば | chūshō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Descendants
edit- → Chinese: 抽象 (chōuxiàng)
- → Korean: 추상(抽象) (chusang)
- → Vietnamese: trừu tượng
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy][1], University of Tokyo, page 1
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
抽 | 象 |
Noun
edit- hanja form? of 추상 (“abstraction”)
Vietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
抽 | 象 |
Adjective
edit抽象
- chữ Hán form of trừu tượng (“abstract”).
Categories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Wasei kango
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
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- Elementary Mandarin
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- Japanese terms spelled with 象 read as しょう
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