See also: [U+3058 HIRAGANA LETTER ZI], [U+30EC KATAKANA LETTER RE], [U+4E5A CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5A], and [U+1602 CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER NU]

U+3057, し
HIRAGANA LETTER SI

[U+3056]
Hiragana
[U+3058]

Japanese edit

Stroke order
 

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable edit

(shi

  1. The hiragana syllable (shi). Its equivalent in katakana is (shi). It is the twelfth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is (sa-gyō i-dan, row sa, section i).
Derived terms edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Particle edit

(shi

  1. conjunctive particle, separates items in a list of reasons
    • 1937, 夢野久作(ゆめのきゅうさく) [Yumeno Kyūsaku], (おそ)ろしい東京(とうきょう) (Osoroshii Tōkyō)[1]:
      ()(わた)(かぎ)(ひゃっ)()(てん)みたいで、何処(どこ)(きっ)()()っているのかわからない、プラットフォームらしいものもないので、(まち)()ったのかなと(おも)って(また)(いし)(だん)(のぼ)って()ると、(まる)キリ()らない(はん)()(まち)である。
      Miwatasu kagiri hyakkaten mitai de, doko de kippu o utteiru no ka wakaranai shi, purattofōmu rashii mono mo nai no de, machigatta no ka na to omotte mata ishidan o nobottemiruto, marukiri shiranai hanka na machi de aru.
      What I could see looked like a department store, I had no idea where tickets were being sold, and there wasn't anything like a platform. Wondering if I haven't come to the wrong place I once again walked up the stone stairs and a bustling street I wasn't familiar with filled my vision.
    • K-On!
      「でもでも、(わたし)(うん)(どう)(おん)()(ぶん)()(けい)のクラブもよくわからない…」
      “Demo demo, watashi undō onchi da shi, bunkakei no kurabu mo yoku wakaranai shi…”
      "But—but I'm terrible at sports and I don't really know anything about the cultural clubs…"
  2. sentence-ending particle, indicating mild emphasis, and alluding to an inferable but deliberately omitted conclusion
    てかなんでやっ
    Te ka nande yatta shi.
    But then, why did you do that [when you shouldn't have]?

Etymology 3 edit

Alternative spellings




Cognate with demonstrative pronoun (so).

Pronoun edit

(shi

  1. third person personal pronoun; he, she, it
  2. reflexive pronoun; one, oneself
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4094:
      八十伴雄乎 麻都呂倍乃 牟気乃麻尓々々 老人毛 女童児毛 我願 心太良比尓 撫賜 治賜婆
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 935: Tosa Nikki (day 24)
      廿四日。講師、むまのはなむけしにいでませり。ありとあるかみしも、わらはまでゑひしれて、一文字をだにしらぬもの、があしは十文字にふみてぞあそぶ。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. late 10th century: Ochikubo Monogatari (Volume 1)
      あなわかわかしの晝寢や。が身のほど知らぬこそいと心憂けれ」とて、うちあざわらひ給ふ。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Etymology 4 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entries.
1
[numeral] four, 4
[noun] the fourth
[affix] four
[affix] fourth
[affix] quadruple
[affix] here and there
3
[noun] poem
[noun] verse of poetry
[noun] (poetry) Chinese poetry
[noun] Short for 詩経 (Shijing, the Book of Odes).
3
[noun] death
[noun] (law, historical) one of the five punishments under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, the methods used are (, strangling) and (zan, decapitation)
[affix] death, to die
[affix] dead, unfunctional
[affix] life-or-death situation
[affix] dangerous, life-threatening
[affix] (baseball) out
5
[noun] teacher, Reverend
3
[noun] official, civil service
[verb] Alternative spelling of (shi, continuative of する (suru))
2
[suffix] city
4
[noun] a family, a clan
[noun] a certain person
[suffix] (honorific) Mr.; Ms.
(This term, , is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as , see Category:Japanese kanji read as し.)

Etymology 5 edit

Suffix edit

(-shi

  1. (Classical Japanese or literary) the adnominal form of Classical and Old Japanese (ki, past tense auxiliary), equivalent to modern
    (えら)(もの)
    erabareshi mono
    the chosen one (modern language)

Etymology 6 edit

From Old Japanese. Not productive in modern usage.

Suffix edit

(-shi

  1. (Classical Japanese) The 終止形 (shūshikei, terminal or predicative form) of the conjugable ending for 形容詞 (keiyōshi, -i adjectives).
Usage notes edit
  • In Classical and Old Japanese, this is the terminal ending for both しく (shiku) adjectives (those ending in しい (-shii) in modern usage, such as 楽しい (tanoshii, fun)) and (ku) adjectives (those ending in (-i) in modern usage, such as 高い (takai, high, tall; expensive)).
  • Meanwhile, in modern Japanese, the terminal ending and adnominal ending both manifest as (i).
Examples:
Classical Terminal Classical Adnominal Modern Terminal / Adnominal
(たの) (tanoshi)

(たか) (takashi)

(たの)しき (tanoshiki)

(たか) (takaki)

(たの)しい (tanoshii)

(たか) (takai)

Conjugation edit

Etymology 7 edit

Alternative spelling
(rare)

Verb edit

(shi

  1. stem or continuative form of する (suru)

References edit