欠缺

Chinese

		deficient; owe; to lack deficient; owe; to lack; yawn	lack; scarce; vacant post lack; scarce; vacant post; to run short of
trad. (欠缺)		欠	缺
simp. #(欠缺)		欠	缺
anagram		缺欠

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiànquē

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄩㄝ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): him³ kyut³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiam-khiet / khiam-khiat
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiàm-kheh / khiàm-kherh / khiàm-khoeh / khiàm-khoat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiam³ kuêh⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiànquē
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄩㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciàncyue
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴-chʻüeh¹
    • Yale: chyàn-chywē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannchiue
    • Palladius: цяньцюэ (cjanʹcjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: him³ kyut³
    • Yale: him kyut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: him³ kyt⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: him³ küd³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːm³³ kʰyːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam-khiet
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiam kied`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiam<sup>4</sup> kiad<sup>5</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵ kʰi̯et̚²/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam-khiat
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiam kiad`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiam⁴ kiad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵ kʰi̯at̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-kheh
    • Tâi-lô: khiàm-kheh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqeq
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-kherh
    • Tâi-lô: khiàm-kherh
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰəʔ⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khoeh
    • Tâi-lô: khiàm-khueh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqoeq
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰueʔ³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰueʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khoat
    • Tâi-lô: khiàm-khuat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqoad
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/

Note: khiàm-khoat - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kiam³ kuêh⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàm khueh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiam²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰueʔ²/

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• Middle Chinese: khjaemH khwet|khjwiet

Rime
Character	欠	缺	缺
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	嚴 (145)	先 (88)	仙 (82)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	IV	III
Fanqie	去劔切	苦穴切	傾雪切
Baxter	khjaemH	khwet	khjwiet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐmH/	/kʰwet̚/	/kʰiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐmH/	/kʰʷet̚/	/kʰʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɐmH/	/kʰuɛt̚/	/kʰjuæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨamH/	/kʰwɛt̚/	/kʰwiat̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiɐmH/	/kʰuet̚/	/kʰiuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɐmH/	/kʰiwet̚/	/kʰĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɐmH/	/kʰiwet̚/	/kʰi̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiàn	que	que
Expected Cantonese Reflex	him3	hyut3	hyut3

Noun

欠缺

1. shortcoming; deficiency

Synonyms

• 弊害 (bìhài)
• 弊病 (bìbìng)
• 弊端 (bìduān)
• 毛病 (máobìng)
• 短處／短处 (duǎnchu)
• 缺失 (quēshī)
• 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
• 缺陷 (quēxiàn)
• 缺點／缺点 (quēdiǎn)
• 陷 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)

 

Verb

欠缺

1. (Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of
2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to need something due to deficiency
3. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to not lack; to not be deficient in; to not be short of

Synonyms

• (to lack):

• 不夠／不够 (bùgòu)
• 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
• 不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)
• 不足 (bùzú)
• 乏達／乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
• 欠 (qiàn)
• 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
• 短缺 (duǎnquē)
• 絕乏／绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
• 缺乏 (quēfá)
• 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
• 缺少 (quēshǎo)
• 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
• 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 虧／亏 (kuī)
• 貧／贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
• 闕乏／阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
• 闕如／阙如 (quērú) (literary)

 

• (to not lack): (Hokkien) 少缺

Japanese

Kanji in this term
欠	缺
けん Grade: 4	けつ Hyōgaiji
kan’on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 欠缺 (MC khjaemH khwet).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けんけつ [kèńkétsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ŋke̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

欠(けん)缺(けつ) • (kenketsu) ^{←けんけつ (kenketu)?}

1. (law) lack

   意(い)思(し)の欠(けん)缺(けつ)

   ishi no kenketsu

   lack of intent

Usage notes

The term would be *欠(けん)欠(けつ) if written in shinjitai, and as such, the kyūjitai form is preserved to avoid ambiguities.

Korean

Hanja in this term
欠	缺

Noun

欠缺 • (heumgyeol) (hangeul 흠결)

1. Hanja form^? of 흠결 (“shortage; deficiency; deficit”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
欠	缺

Noun

欠缺

1. chữ Hán form of khiếm khuyết (“shortcoming; defect”).

Adjective

欠缺

1. chữ Hán form of khiếm khuyết (“deficient; lacking”).