闕如

Chinese

		imperial city; deficiency	as (if); such as
trad. (闕如)		闕	如
simp. (阙如)		阙	如

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): quērú

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝ ㄖㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut³ jyu⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: quērú
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝ ㄖㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuerú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻüeh¹-ju²
    • Yale: chywē-rú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueru
    • Palladius: цюэжу (cjuežu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kyut³ jyu⁴
    • Yale: kyut yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸ jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: küd³ yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³ jyː²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: khjwot nyo|nyoH

Rime
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	元 (68)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	去月切	人諸切	人恕切
Baxter	khjwot	nyo	nyoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʉɐt̚/	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷiɐt̚/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɐt̚/	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuat̚/	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/kʰiuɐt̚/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔH/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwɐt̚/	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭoH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wɐt̚/	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que	rú	rù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyut3	jyu4	jyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰat  na/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰod  nja|njas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què	rú	rú
Middle Chinese	‹ khjwot ›	‹ nyo ›	‹ nyo ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰat/	/*na/	/*na/
English	tower over gate	go to	as, like, if
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	7240	9623	9631
Phonetic component	欮	女	女
Rime group	月	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	3	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	闕	如	洳
Old Chinese	/*kʰod/	/*nja/	/*njas/

Verb

闕如

1. (literary) to lack
2. (literary) to leave unanswered due to limitations of one's own knowledge

Synonyms

• 不夠／不够 (bùgòu)
• 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
• 不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)
• 不足 (bùzú)
• 乏達／乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
• 欠 (qiàn)
• 欠缺 (qiànquē)
• 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
• 短缺 (duǎnquē)
• 絕乏／绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
• 缺乏 (quēfá)
• 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
• 缺少 (quēshǎo)
• 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
• 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 虧／亏 (kuī)
• 貧／贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
• 闕乏／阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)