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永久凍土
Language
Watch
Edit
Contents
1
Chinese
1.1
Pronunciation
1.2
Noun
2
Japanese
2.1
Pronunciation
2.2
Noun
2.3
References
Chinese
edit
permanent
;
long-lasting
;
eternal
frozen
soil
;
gelisol
trad.
(
永久凍土
)
永久
凍土
simp.
(
永久冻土
)
永久
冻土
Pronunciation
edit
Mandarin
(
Pinyin
)
:
yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ
(
Zhuyin
)
:
ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ
Cantonese
(
Jyutping
)
:
wing
5
gau
2
dung
3
tou
2
Mandarin
(
Standard Chinese
)
+
Hanyu Pinyin
:
yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ
[Phonetic:
yóng
jiǔdòngtǔ]
Zhuyin
:
ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ
Tongyong Pinyin
:
yǒngjiǒu dòngtǔ
Wade–Giles
:
yung
3
-chiu
3
tung
4
-tʻu
3
Yale
:
yǔng-jyǒu dùng-tǔ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
:
yeongjeou donqtuu
Palladius
:
юнцзю дунту
(junczju duntu)
Sinological
IPA
(
key
)
:
/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
(
Standard Cantonese
,
Guangzhou
–
Hong Kong
)
+
Jyutping
:
wing
5
gau
2
dung
3
tou
2
Yale
:
wíhng gáu dung tóu
Cantonese Pinyin
:
wing
5
gau
2
dung
3
tou
2
Guangdong Romanization
:
wing
5
geo
2
dung
3
tou
2
Sinological
IPA
(
key
)
:
/wɪŋ¹³ kɐu̯³⁵ tʊŋ³³ tʰou̯³⁵/
Noun
edit
永久凍土
permafrost
Japanese
edit
Kanji
in this term
永
久
凍
土
えい
Grade: 5
きゅう
Grade: 5
とう
Grade: S
ど
Grade: 1
on’yomi
Pronunciation
edit
(
Tokyo
)
え
ーきゅうと
ーど
[èékyúútóꜜòdò]
(
Nakadaka
– [5])
[1]
IPA
(
key
)
:
[e̞ːkʲɨᵝːto̞ːdo̞]
Noun
edit
永
(
えい
)
久
(
きゅう
)
凍
(
とう
)
土
(
ど
)
•
(
eikyūtōdo
)
permafrost
References
edit
^
Matsumura, Akira
, editor (
2006
),
大辞林
(in Japanese), Third edition,
Tōkyō
:
Sanseidō
,
→ISBN