permanent

English

Etymology

Used in English since 15th century, from Middle French permanent, from Latin permanens, from permanēo (“I stay to the end”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Adjective

permanent (comparative more permanent, superlative most permanent)

1. Without end, eternal.

   Nothing in this world is truly permanent.

2. Lasting for an indefinitely long time.

   The countries are now locked in a permanent state of conflict.

Antonyms

• impermanent, temporary

Derived terms

• permanent way

Related terms

• permadeath
• permafrost
• permatemp

Translations

without end

• Arabic: دائم (ar) (daa’im)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 永久 (cmn) (yǒngjiǔ)

• Crimean Tatar: temelli
• Czech: trvalý (cs)
• Dutch: bestendig (nl), voorgoed (nl), eeuwig (nl), permanent (nl)
• Finnish: pysyvä (fi), ikuinen (fi), jatkuva (fi), kestävä (fi), vakituinen (fi)
• French: permanent (fr)
• German: permanent (de), ständig (de), beständig (de), unbefristet (de), dauerhaft (de)
• Hungarian: állandó (hu)
• Italian: permanente (it)
• Japanese: 永久の (ja) (えいきゅうの, eikyū-no)

• Korean: 영구적인 (ko) (yeonggujeokin)
• Maori: tūturu (mi)
• Persian: ماندگار (fa) (mândegâr), پایدار (fa) (pâydâr), جاودان (fa) (jâvdân)
• Portuguese: permanente (pt)
• Russian: постоянный (ru) (postojánnyj), неизменный (ru) (neizménnyj), перманентный (ru) (permanéntnyj)
• Serbo-Croatian: trajan (sh), stalan (sh), vjȅčan (sh)
• Spanish: permanente (es)
• Swedish: ständig (sv)
• Telugu: శాశ్వతం (te) (SaaSvataM)
• Votic: postojannoi

lasting for an indefinitely long time

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 長久 (cmn), 长久 (cmn) (chángjiǔ)

• Czech: trvalý (cs)
• Esperanto: daŭra (eo)
• Finnish: pysyvä (fi), ikuinen (fi), jatkuva (fi), kestävä (fi), vakituinen (fi)
• French: permanent (fr)
• German: ständig (de), permanent (de)

• Italian: permanente (it)
• Persian: همیشگی (fa) (hamišegi), بی‌پایان (fa) (bi-pâyân)
• Russian: долговременный (ru) (dolgovrémennyj), перманентный (ru) (permanéntnyj)
• Serbo-Croatian: dugotrajan, trȃjan (sh)
• Sindhi: مستقل, دائمي
• Telugu: శాశ్వతం (te) (SaaSvataM)
• Votic: stoikoi

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: konstanta
• Ido: permanenta
• Spanish: permanente (es)

Noun

Wikipedia permanent (plural permanents)

1. A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm.
   • 1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin 2005, p. 8:

     She had pewter-coloured hair set in a ruthless permanent, a hard beak and large moist eyes with the sympathetic expression of wet stones.

2. (linear algebra, combinatorics) Given an $n \times n$ matrix $a_{ij} \,$, the sum over all permutations $\pi \,$ of $\prod_{i=1}^n{a_{i\pi(i)}}$.

Translations

hair treatment

• Danish: permanent (da) c
• Finnish: permanentti, kestokiharat
• French: permanente (fr) f

• German: Dauerwelle (de) f
• Italian: permanente (it) f

sum over all permutations

• French: permanent (fr)

• German: Permanente (de) f

See also

• determinant
• ephemeral
• relaxer
• temporary

External links

• permanent in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• permanent in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• permanent at OneLook Dictionary Search

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French

Etymology

From Latin permanentem (accusative of permanens).

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA: /pɛʁ.ma.nɑ̃/, X-SAMPA: /pER.ma.nA~/

Adjective

permanent m (feminine permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent

Noun

permanent m (plural permanents)

1. (mathematics) permanent

Related terms

• permanence
• impermanent

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German

Adjective

permanent (not comparable)

1. permanent

Declension

    Declension of permanent

gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist permanent	sie ist permanent	es ist permanent	sie sind permanent
strong declension (without article)	nominative	permanenter	permanente	permanentes	permanente
	genitive	permanenten	permanenter	permanenten	permanenter
	dative	permanentem	permanenter	permanentem	permanenten
	accusative	permanenten	permanente	permanentes	permanente
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der permanente	die permanente	das permanente	die permanenten
	genitive	des permanenten	der permanenten	des permanenten	der permanenten
	dative	dem permanenten	der permanenten	dem permanenten	den permanenten
	accusative	den permanenten	die permanente	das permanente	die permanenten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein permanenter	eine permanente	ein permanentes	(keine) permanenten
	genitive	eines permanenten	einer permanenten	eines permanenten	(keiner) permanenten
	dative	einem permanenten	einer permanenten	einem permanenten	(keinen) permanenten
	accusative	einen permanenten	eine permanente	ein permanentes	(keine) permanenten

Adverb

permanent

1. permanently, incessantly

Synonyms

• ständig, unaufhörlich

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Latin

Verb

permanent

1. third-person plural present active indicative of permaneō

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Middle French

Adjective

permanent m (feminine singular permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent