읊다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seonjong yeonggajip eonhae (禪宗永嘉集諺解 / 선종영가집언해), 1456, as Middle Korean 잎다〮 (Yale: ìphtá), but the Modern Korean form with the final /-lp/ cluster (first attested in the seventeenth century, probably reflecting a dialectal form that eventually became dominant) is likely the more conservative form.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɯp̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [읍따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	eupda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	eulpda
McCune–Reischauer?	ŭpta
Yale Romanization?	ulphta

Verb

읊다 • (eupda) (infinitive 읊어, sequential 읊으니) (transitive)

1. (of poems) to recite

   시를 읊다 ― si-reul eupda ― to recite poetry

   • 1812, “Song 247”, in 청구영언 장서각본/靑丘永言藏書閣本 [Jangseogak edition of the Cheonggu yeong'eon]:

     酒(쥬)色(ᄉᆡᆨ)을 삼가란 말이 녯사ᄅᆞᆷ의 警(경)誡(계)로되 / 踏(답)靑(쳥) 登(등)高(고)節(졀)에 벗님네 ᄃᆞ리고 詩(시)句(구)를 읇흘 제 滿(만)樽(쥰)香(향)醪(료)를 아니 醉(취)코 어이 ᄒᆞ며 / 旅(녀)館(관)에 寒(한)燈(등)을 對(ᄃᆡ)ᄒᆞ여 獨(독)不(불)眠(면)ᄒᆞᆯ 적의 玉(옥)人(인)을 만나 아니 자고 어이 ᄒᆞ리

     jyusaeg-eul samgaran mar-i nyetsaram-ui gyeonggye-rodoe / dapchyeong deunggojyeor-e beonnim-ne darigo sigu-reul eulpeul je manjyunhyangnyo-reul ani chwiko eoi hamyeo / nyeogwan-e handeung-eul daehayeo dokbulmyeonhal jeog-ui ogin-eul manna ani jago eoi hari

     Though it is the warning of the old to refrain from women and wine / when I recite poems with my friends on the Double Third and Double Ninth, with a gobletful of fragrant wine about, what could I do if not get drunk / and when I face the cold lamps at some inn—alone unable to sleep—and I meet a jade-like beauty then, what could I do if not sleep with her?

2. (literary) to compose poetry about

   사랑을 읊다 ― sarang-eul eupda ― to write poems of love (literally, “to write poetry which deals with love”)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 읊다 (eupda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	읊는다 eumneunda	읊어 eulpeo	읊어요 eulpeoyo	읊습니다 eupseumnida
	Past	읊었다 eulpeotda	읊었어 eulpeosseo	읊었어요 eulpeosseoyo	읊었습니다 eulpeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	읊느냐 eumneunya	읊어 eulpeo	읊어요 eulpeoyo	읊습니까 eupseumnikka
	Past	읊었느냐 eulpeonneunya	읊었어 eulpeosseo	읊었어요 eulpeosseoyo	읊었습니까 eulpeotseumnikka
Hortative		읊자 eupja	읊어 eulpeo	읊어요 eulpeoyo	읊으십시다 eulpeusipsida
Imperative		읊어라 eulpeora	읊어 eulpeo	읊어요 eulpeoyo	읊읍시오 eulpeupsio
Assertive		읊겠다 eupgetda	읊겠어 eupgesseo	읊겠어요 eupgesseoyo	읊겠습니다 eupgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		읊어 eulpeo	읊어서 eulpeoseo	읊으니 eulpeuni	읊으니까 eulpeunikka
Contrast		읊지만 eupjiman	읊는데 eumneunde	읊더니 eupdeoni
Conjunction		읊고 eupgo
Condition		읊으면 eulpeumyeon	읊어야 eulpeoya
Motive		읊으려고 eulpeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		읊음 eulpeum	읊기 eupgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		읊었음 eulpeosseum	읊었기 eulpeotgi
Determiners	Past	읊은 eulpeun
	Present	읊는 eumneun
	Future	읊을 eulpeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	읊으신다 eulpeusinda	읊으셔 eulpeusyeo	읊으세요, 읊으셔요 eulpeuseyo, eulpeusyeoyo	읊으십니다 eulpeusimnida
	Past	읊으셨다 eulpeusyeotda	읊으셨어 eulpeusyeosseo	읊으셨어요 eulpeusyeosseoyo	읊으셨습니다 eulpeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	읊으시느냐 eulpeusineunya	읊으셔 eulpeusyeo	읊으세요, 읊으셔요 eulpeuseyo, eulpeusyeoyo	읊으십니까 eulpeusimnikka
	Past	읊으셨느냐 eulpeusyeonneunya	읊으셨어 eulpeusyeosseo	읊으셨어요 eulpeusyeosseoyo	읊으셨습니까 eulpeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		읊으시라 eulpeusira	읊으셔 eulpeusyeo	읊으세요 eulpeuseyo	읊으십시오 eulpeusipsio
Assertive		읊으시겠다 eulpeusigetda	읊으시겠어 eulpeusigesseo	읊으시겠어요 eulpeusigesseoyo	읊으시겠습니다 eulpeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		읊으셔 eulpeusyeo	읊으셔서 eulpeusyeoseo	읊으시니 eulpeusini	읊으시니까 eulpeusinikka
Contrast		읊으시지만 eulpeusijiman	읊으시는데 eulpeusineunde	읊으시더니 eulpeusideoni
Conjunction		읊으시고 eulpeusigo
Condition		읊으시면 eulpeusimyeon	읊으셔야 eulpeusyeoya
Motive		읊으시려고 eulpeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		읊으심 eulpeusim	읊으시기 eulpeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		읊으셨음 eulpeusyeosseum	읊으셨기 eulpeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	읊으신 eulpeusin
	Present	읊으시는 eulpeusineun
	Future	읊으실 eulpeusil