말
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마막맊맋만맍많 맏말맑맒맓맔맕 맖맗맘맙맚맛맜 망맞맟맠맡맢맣 | |
리 ← | → 매 |
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Jeju edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Korean 말〯 (mǎl).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
말 (mal)
Derived terms edit
References edit
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯 (Yale: mǎl). The rising pitch implies an earlier bisyllabic origin.
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠(ː)ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [말(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | mal |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | mal |
McCune–Reischauer? | mal |
Yale Romanization? | māl |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 말의 / 말에 / 말까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.
Noun edit
말 • (mal)
- speech
- (colloquial) language
- Synonym: (formal) 어(語) (eo)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 末, from Old Korean 馬 (*MAL).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆯ (Yale: mòl).
Similar words are found across Eurasia. Compare Manchu ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ (morin, “horse”), Mongolian морь (morʹ, “horse”), Nivkh мурӈ (murŋ, “horse”), Old Chinese 馬 (*mraːʔ, “horse”), Japanese 馬 (uma, “horse”), and Proto-Indo-European *márkos (“horse”); see the last link for more.
For the prefix, compare Chinese 馬/马 (mǎ, “horse; big, great”), from which it is perhaps calqued.
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [말]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | mal |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | mal |
McCune–Reischauer? | mal |
Yale Romanization? | mal |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 말의 / 말에 / 말까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word takes low pitch only before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes.
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Prefix edit
말— • (mal-)
Etymology 3 edit
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〮 (Yale: mál).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [말]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | mal |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | mal |
McCune–Reischauer? | mal |
Yale Romanization? | mal |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 말의 / 말에 / 말까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable.
Noun edit
말 • (mal)
See also edit
Etymology 4 edit
From Middle Korean 맗 (malh). Short form of 말뚝 (malttuk).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [말]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | mal |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | mal |
McCune–Reischauer? | mal |
Yale Romanization? | mal |
Noun edit
말 • (mal)
Etymology 5 edit
First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: mól).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [말]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | mal |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | mal |
McCune–Reischauer? | mal |
Yale Romanization? | mal |
Noun edit
말 • (mal)
- an alga or other waterborne cryptogam
- seaweed, specifically Potamogeton oxyphyllus.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 6 edit
Sino-Korean word from 末 (“end”).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [말]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | mal |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | mal |
McCune–Reischauer? | mal |
Yale Romanization? | mal |
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 末 for Sino-Korean compounds of 말 (末, mal).
Etymology 7 edit
Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable edit
말 (mal)
Extended content |
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References edit
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 15. [1]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Middle Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “First attestation? Any Old Korean forms known?”)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
말〯 (mǎl)
Descendants edit
- Korean: 말 (mal)
Etymology 2 edit
Possibly cognate with Japanese 升 (masu), a similar unit of measure.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
말〮 (mál)
- measure (containing about 18 liters or 10 doe (되 (doe))
- a unit of measure (about 18 liters)
Descendants edit
- Korean: 말 (mal)