-kozik
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From -k (instantaneous suffix) + -z (frequentative suffix) + -ik (reflexive suffix).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-kozik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a verb, noun or adverb to form a reflexive verb.
Usage notes edit
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -kozik is added to back-vowel words
- csodál (“to admire”) + -kozik → csodálkozik (“to wonder, marvel at, be surprised at”)
- barát (“friend”) + -kozik → barátkozik (“to associate with someone in a friendly manner”)
- vissza (“back”) + -kozik → visszakozik (“to back down, withdraw”)
- -kezik is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- rendel (“to order”) + -kezik → rendelkezik (“to possess”)
- -közik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -akozik same as -kozik with a linking vowel
- tilt (“to forbid”) + -akozik → tiltakozik (“to protest”)
- -ekezik same as -kezik with a linking vowel
- -kozik is added to back-vowel words
Conjugation edit
conjugation of -kozik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kozom or -kozok |
-kozol | -kozik | -kozunk | -koztok | -koznak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -koztam | -koztál | -kozott | -koztunk | -koztatok | -koztak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -kozni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kozék or -kozám |
-kozál | -koza or -kozék |
-kozánk | -kozátok | -kozának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -kozik vala, -kozott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kozandok (or -kozandom) |
-kozandasz (or -kozandol) |
-kozand (or -kozandik*) |
-kozandunk | -kozandotok | -kozandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -koznék (or -koznám) |
-koznál | -kozna (or -koznék*) |
-koznánk | -koznátok | -koznának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kozott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kozzak or -kozzam |
-kozz or -kozzál |
-kozzon or -kozzék |
-kozzunk | -kozzatok | -kozzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kozott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -kozni | -koznom | -koznod | -koznia | -koznunk | -koznotok | -kozniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -kozás | -kozó | -kozott | ― | -kozva (-kozván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -kozik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kozhatok (or -kozhatom) |
-kozhatsz (or -kozhatol) |
-kozhat (or -kozhatik) |
-kozhatunk | -kozhattok | -kozhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -kozhattam | -kozhattál | -kozhatott | -kozhattunk | -kozhattatok | -kozhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kozhaték or -kozhatám |
-kozhatál | -kozhata or -kozhaték |
-kozhatánk | -kozhatátok | -kozhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -kozhat vala, -kozhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kozhatandok or -kozandhatok (or -kozhatandom or -kozandhatom) |
-kozhatandasz or -kozandhatsz (or -kozhatandol or -kozandhatol) |
-kozhatand or -kozandhat (or -kozhatandik or -kozandhatik*) |
-kozhatandunk or -kozandhatunk |
-kozhatandotok or -kozandhattok |
-kozhatandanak or -kozandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -kozhatnék (or -kozhatnám) |
-kozhatnál | -kozhatna (or -kozhatnék*) |
-kozhatnánk | -kozhatnátok | -kozhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kozhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kozhassak (or -kozhassam) |
-kozhass or -kozhassál |
-kozhasson (or -kozhassék) |
-kozhassunk | -kozhassatok | -kozhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kozhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-kozhatni) | (-kozhatnom) | (-kozhatnod) | (-kozhatnia) | (-kozhatnunk) | (-kozhatnotok) | (-kozhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-kozhatva / -kozhatván) | ||||
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ -kozik/-kezik/-közik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, page 440, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)