See also: zik

Hungarian

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Etymology

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From -z +‎ -ik.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-zik

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
    főzőcske (cooking) + ‎-zik → ‎főzőcskézik (to cook)
    hullám (wave) + ‎-zik → ‎hullámzik (to wave, ripple)
    1. to play the (when the base word is a musical instrument; exception: hegedül (to play the violin))
      zongora (piano) + ‎-zik → ‎zongorázik (to play the piano)
    2. to play (with) (when the base word is a toy or a game)
      kártya (cards) + ‎-zik → ‎kártyázik (to play cards)
      fogócska (tag) + ‎-zik → ‎fogócskázik (to play tag (a children's chasing game))
      baba (doll) + ‎-zik → ‎babázik (to play with dolls)
    3. to play some sports (when the base word is a sports equipment)
      korcsolya (skate) + ‎-zik → ‎korcsolyázik (to skate)
      vitorla (sail) + ‎-zik → ‎vitorlázik (to sail)
    4. to ride/travel on something (when the base word is a vehicle or a means of transportation)
      bicikli (bicycle) + ‎-zik → ‎biciklizik (to bicycle, to ride a bicycle)
    5. to consume, eat, drink (when the base word is food or drink)
      kávé (coffee) + ‎-zik → ‎kávézik (to drink coffee)

Usage notes

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  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -zik is generally added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -azik is added to some back-vowel words
    -ázik is added only to a couple of words
    csónak (boat) + ‎-ázik → ‎csónakázik (to boat, go boating)
    -ozik is added to most back-vowel words
    -ezik is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words
    -özik is added to most rounded front-vowel words
  • The following subvariants can be found only in a few verbs. They usually freely alternate with the above main variants, although some of the verbs developed a difference in meaning. E.g. hibázik (to make a mistake) vs. hibádzik (to be amiss <denoting something faulty or missing>)
    -dzik is added to words ending in a vowel
    bimbó (bud) + ‎-dzik → ‎bimbódzik (to form buds)
    gyűrű (ring) + ‎-dzik → ‎gyűrűdzik (to form rings, to ripple)
    -adzik is added to back-vowel words
    nyál (saliva) + ‎-adzik → ‎nyáladzik (to slobber)
    -edzik is added to unrounded front-vowel words
    gyökér (root) + ‎-edzik → ‎gyökeredzik (to be rooted)
    -ödzik is added to one rounded front-vowel word
    bőr (skin) + ‎-ödzik → ‎bőrödzik (to develop a thin layer of skin on a surface)
  • Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -l/-ol/-al/-el/-öl/-ál.

Derived terms

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See also

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