- Afrikaans: sterrekunde (af)
- Albanian: astronomi (sq) f
- Amharic: ሥነ ፈለክ (śənä fäläk)
- Arabic: فَلَك (ar) m (falak), عِلْم الْفَلَك (ar) m (ʕilm al-falak)
- Armenian: աստղագիտություն (hy) (astġagitutʻyun)
- Aromanian: astrunumii f
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܡܲܠܠܘܼܬ ܟܵܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܹ̈ܐ f (mmallūt kāwḵḇē), ܐܲܣܛܪܘܿܢܘܿܡܝܼܵܐ f (asṭrōnōmīyā)
- Asturian: astronomía f
- Aymara: alaxpacha yänakata
- Azerbaijani: astronomiya (az)
- Basque: astronomia (eu)
- Bavarian: Steankunde ?
- Belarusian: астрано́мія f (astranómija)
- Bengali: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞান (bn) (jōtirbiggên), জ্যোতির্বিদ্যা (bn) (jōtirbidda)
- Breton: steredoniezh (br) f
- Bulgarian: астроно́мия (bg) f (astronómija)
- Burmese: နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ (my) (nakhkatta.beda.)
- Catalan: astronomia (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 天文學／天文学 (tin1 man4 hok6)
- Hokkien: 天文學／天文学 (thian-bûn-ha̍k)
- Mandarin: 天文學／天文学 (zh) (tiānwénxué)
- Cornish: steronieth ?
- Czech: hvězdářství n, astronomie (cs) f
- Danish: astronomi (da) c
- Dinka: ŋiɛ̈ckanhial
- Dutch: astronomie (nl) f, sterrenkunde (nl) f
- Esperanto: astronomio (eo)
- Estonian: astronoomia (et), täheteadus
- Faroese: stjørnufrøði f
- Finnish: tähtitiede (fi), astronomia (fi)
- French: astronomie (fr) f
- Galician: astronomía (gl) f
- Georgian: ასტრონომია (asṭronomia)
- German: Astronomie (de) f, Sternkunde (de) f, Himmelskunde f
- Greek: αστρονομία (el) f (astronomía)
- Ancient: ἀστρονομία f (astronomía)
- Guaraní: mbyjakuaa
- Gujarati: ખગોળ (gu) ? (khagoḷ), ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર ? (khagoḷśāstra)
- Haitian Creole: astwonomi
- Hawaiian: kilo hōkū
- Hebrew: אַסְטְרוֹנוֹמְיָה (he) f (astronómya)
- Hindi: खगोल शास्त्र m (khagol śāstra)
- Hungarian: csillagászat (hu), asztronómia (hu)
- Icelandic: stjörnufræði (is) f
- Indonesian: astronomi (id), ilmu falak, ilmu perbintangan
- Interlingua: astronomia (ia)
- Inuktitut: ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ (silasiorniq), ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᓕᕆᓂᖅ (silaryoaliriniq)
- Irish: réalteolaíocht (ga) f
- Italian: astronomia (it) f
- Japanese: 天文学 (ja) (てんもんがく, tenmongaku)
- Javanese: Astronomi
- Kabyle: ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔⵜ (tasnaggurt)
- Kalmyk: астроном (astronom)
- Kannada: ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ (kn) (khagōḷaśāstra)
- Kazakh: жұлдызтану (jūldyztanu), астрономия (kk) (astronomiä)
- Khmer: តារាសាស្ត្រ (km) (taaraasaah), នក្ខត្តយោគ (nĕəkkhattayook)
- Korean: 천문학(天文學) (ko) (cheonmunhak)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: ئەستێرەناسی (estêrenasî)
- Northern Kurdish: stêrnasî (ku), ezmannasî, stêrnasî (ku) f
- Kyrgyz: астрономия (ky) (astronomiya)
- Lak: ціурттал элму (cіurt:al elmu)
- Lao: ດາລາສາດ (lo) (dā lā sāt), ດາຣາສາດ (dā rā sāt)
- Latin: astrologia (la) f, (Late) astronomia (la) f
- Latvian: astronomija (lv) f
- Limburgish: starekunde ?
- Lingala: mambí ma nzɔ́tɔ
- Lithuanian: astronomija (lt) f
- Macedonian: астрономија f (astronomija)
- Malagasy: astrônômia (mg)
- Malay: astronomi (ms), ilmu falak (ms), kaji bintang, perbintangan (ms)
- Malayalam: ജ്യോതിഃശാസ്ത്രം (jyōtiḥśāstraṁ)
- Maltese: astronomija f
- Manx: rollageydys m
- Maori: tātai arorangi, mātai arorangi
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: одон орон (mn) (odon oron), одон орон судлал (odon oron sudlal), астрономи (mn) (astronomi)
- Mongolian: ᠣᠳᠤᠨ
ᠣᠷᠤᠨ (odun orun), ᠣᠳᠤᠨ
ᠣᠷᠤᠨ
ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ (odun orun sudulul), ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨᠣᠮᠢ (astronomi)
- Navajo: sǫʼ naalkaah
- Norman: astronomie f
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: astronomi (no) m
- Occitan: astronomia (oc) f
- Odia: please add this translation if you can
- Old English: tungolcræft m
- Pashto: ستورپوهنه f (storpohǝna), نجوم (ps) m (nojum), ستاره شناسي f (setāra šenāsī)
- Persian: نجوم (fa) (nojum), ستارهشناسی (fa) (setâre-šenâsi), اخترشناسی (fa) (axtaršenâsi)
- Polish: astronomia (pl) f
- Portuguese: astronomia (pt) f
- Romanian: astronomie (ro) f
- Romansch: astronomia f
- Russian: астроно́мия (ru) f (astronómija)
- Sanskrit: खगोलशास्त्रम् n (khagolaśāstram)
- Scottish Gaelic: reul-eòlas m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: астроно̀мија f, звјездозна́нство n
- Roman: astronòmija (sh) f, zvjezdoznánstvo (sh) n
- Sindhi: نَجمِيات (sd), نَجمِيات (sd) (najmiyaat)
- Sinhalese: තාරකා විද්යාව (tārakā widyāwa)
- Slovak: hvezdárstvo f, astronómia (sk) f
- Slovene: astronomija (sl) f
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: hwězdarstwo n
- Sotho: bolepi
- Spanish: astronomía (es) f
- Swahili: falaki (sw), astronomia
- Swedish: astronomi (sv) c
- Tagalog: astronomiya, dalubtalaan (neologism)
- Tajik: нуҷум (tg) (nujum), ситорашиносӣ (tg) (sitorašinosī), ахтаршиносӣ (axtaršinosī)
- Tamil: வானியல் (ta) (vāṉiyal)
- Tatar: астрономия (astronomiyä)
- Thai: ดาราศาสตร์ (th) (daa-raa-sàat)
- Turkish: gök bilimi (tr) (seldom), astronomi (tr)
- Turkmen: astronomiýa (tk)
- Ukrainian: астроно́мія (uk) f (astronómija)
- Urdu: فلکیات f (falkīyāt), نجمیات
- Uyghur: ئاسترونومىيە (astronomiye)
- Uzbek: astronomiya (uz)
- Vietnamese: thiên văn học (vi) (天文學 (vi))
- Volapük: stelav (vo)
- Welsh: seryddiaeth (cy) f
- West Frisian: stjerrekunde (fy) n
- Yiddish: אַסטראָנאָמיע f (astronomye)
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