charger
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English chargere, equivalent to charge + -er.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈtʃɑːdʒə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒɚ/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dʒə(ɹ)
Noun edit
charger (plural chargers)
- A device that charges or recharges.
- Put the batteries in the charger overnight so we can use them tomorrow.
- 2024 March 6, “Network News: GWR '230' sets UK battery record”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 13:
- GWR plans to use it on the Greenford branch in west London, making use of a fast charger at West Ealing that will charge the batteries in just three and a half minutes. This fast charger is essentially a battery installed at the lineside which is trickle-charged from the electricity grid. It can then discharge quickly into the train's batteries through charging rails and then start recharging itself while the train is running in service.
- One who charges.
- 2018, Robert J. Stoller, Perversion: The Erotic Form of Hatred:
- That attack may damage the homosexual, but even as he is hurt, he also feels superior, because he is not a bull—a blind, stupid animal. Rather, he is an aesthete—a tweaker, not a charger.
- (historical, military) A large horse trained for battle and used by the cavalry (of a lighter build than a destrier).
- The knight rode a white charger.
- 1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter I, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:
- My centuria slept in one of the stables, under the stone mangers where the names of the cavalry chargers were still inscribed.
- A large platter.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 14:8:
- And she, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
- A large decorative plate, sometimes used under dinner plates or other savoury-dish vessels in a multi-course meal; also service plate or underplate.
- The fancy restaurant used a white porcelain charger when serving.
- (firearms) A speed loader that holds several cartridges together in a single unit for easier loading of a firearm's magazine.
- (prison) A rectal concealment container for prohibited material such as money, drugs and tools.
- 2004, Brian Helgeland, 01:44:10 from the start, in Man on Fire:
- "See this? This is a charger. It's used by convicts to hide money and drugs. They stick it in their body, they tuck it up their rectum."
- Synonym of hard charger (“person with a good work ethic”)
- 1980, Bill Gulley, Mary Ellen Reese, Breaking Cover, page 161:
- Miller had a new executive officer, a real charger, as they're known in the trade, who was looking into all aspects of the operation up there.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
a device that charges or recharges
|
one who charges
|
a large horse trained for battle
|
a large platter
a large platter under the dinner plate in a formal dinner setting
|
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricāre, from Latin carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”). Compare Spanish cargar.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
charger
- to load (up) (vehicle, animal etc.)
- to load (firearm)
- to charge (battery)
- to put in charge; to charge (somebody with doing something)
- to charge (somebody of a crime)
- (military, sports) to charge
- (theater) to overact, ham it up
- (reflexive, se charger de) to take care of, see to
Conjugation edit
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written charge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of charger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | charger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | chargeant /ʃaʁ.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | chargé /ʃaʁ.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | charge /ʃaʁʒ/ |
charges /ʃaʁʒ/ |
charge /ʃaʁʒ/ |
chargeons /ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
chargez /ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
chargent /ʃaʁʒ/ |
| imperfect | chargeais /ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
chargeais /ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
chargeait /ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
chargions /ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
chargiez /ʃaʁ.ʒje/ |
chargeaient /ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | chargeai /ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
chargeas /ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
chargea /ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
chargeâmes /ʃaʁ.ʒam/ |
chargeâtes /ʃaʁ.ʒat/ |
chargèrent /ʃaʁ.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | chargerai /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
chargeras /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
chargera /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
chargerons /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ |
chargerez /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
chargeront /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | chargerais /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
chargerais /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
chargerait /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
chargerions /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
chargeriez /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁje/ |
chargeraient /ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | charge /ʃaʁʒ/ |
charges /ʃaʁʒ/ |
charge /ʃaʁʒ/ |
chargions /ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
chargiez /ʃaʁ.ʒje/ |
chargent /ʃaʁʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | chargeasse /ʃaʁ.ʒas/ |
chargeasses /ʃaʁ.ʒas/ |
chargeât /ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
chargeassions /ʃaʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
chargeassiez /ʃaʁ.ʒa.sje/ |
chargeassent /ʃaʁ.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | charge /ʃaʁʒ/ |
— | chargeons /ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
chargez /ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “charger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French chargier.
Verb edit
charger
- to load (with goods, etc.)
Conjugation edit
- As parler except an extra e is inserted after the final g before a and o.
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of charger
| infinitive | simple | charger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | chargeant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | chargé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | charge | charges | charge | chargeons | chargez | chargent |
| imperfect | chargeois, chargeoys | chargeois, chargeoys | chargeoit, chargeoyt | chargions, chargyons | chargiez, chargyez | chargeoient, chargeoyent | |
| past historic | chargea | chargeas | chargea | chargeasmes | chargeastes | chargerent | |
| future | chargerai, chargeray | chargeras | chargera | chargerons | chargerez | chargeront | |
| conditional | chargerois, chargeroys | chargerois, chargeroys | chargeroit, chargeroyt | chargerions, chargeryons | chargeriez, chargeryez | chargeroient, chargeroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | charge | charges | charge | chargeons | chargez | chargent |
| imperfect | chargeasse | chargeasses | chargeast | chargeassions | chargeassiez | chargeassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | charge | — | chargeons | chargez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- French: charger