fouler
English edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈfaʊl.ə/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈfaʊl.ɚ/
Audio (US) (file) - Homophone: fowler
Audio (UK) (file)
Noun edit
fouler (plural foulers)
- One who fouls.
- 2015, Saleem Mustafa, Rossita Shapawi, Aquaculture Ecosystems: Adaptability and Sustainability, page 119:
- For example, several species of hydroids and bryozoans are important foulers of salmon cages in Australia (Hodson et al., 2000) and Norway (Guenther et al., 2010).
Adjective edit
fouler
- comparative form of foul: more foul
Anagrams edit
French edit
Etymology edit
From Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”), from Latin fullō (“fuller”). More at full.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
fouler
- (transitive) to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill
- (transitive) to walk on, to tread, to trample
- (transitive) to oppress, to mistreat
- fouler aux pieds ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (transitive) to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting
- (reflexive) to sprain
- Je me suis foulé la cheville en jouant au rugby
- I sprained my ankle playing rugby.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun, chiefly in the negative, colloquial) to wear oneself out, to overdo it
- ne pas se fouler ― not to overdo it
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of fouler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | fouler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | foulant /fu.lɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | foulé /fu.le/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | foule /ful/ |
foules /ful/ |
foule /ful/ |
foulons /fu.lɔ̃/ |
foulez /fu.le/ |
foulent /ful/ |
imperfect | foulais /fu.lɛ/ |
foulais /fu.lɛ/ |
foulait /fu.lɛ/ |
foulions /fu.ljɔ̃/ |
fouliez /fu.lje/ |
foulaient /fu.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | foulai /fu.le/ |
foulas /fu.la/ |
foula /fu.la/ |
foulâmes /fu.lam/ |
foulâtes /fu.lat/ |
foulèrent /fu.lɛʁ/ | |
future | foulerai /ful.ʁe/ |
fouleras /ful.ʁa/ |
foulera /ful.ʁa/ |
foulerons /ful.ʁɔ̃/ |
foulerez /ful.ʁe/ |
fouleront /ful.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | foulerais /ful.ʁɛ/ |
foulerais /ful.ʁɛ/ |
foulerait /ful.ʁɛ/ |
foulerions /fu.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
fouleriez /fu.lə.ʁje/ |
fouleraient /ful.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | foule /ful/ |
foules /ful/ |
foule /ful/ |
foulions /fu.ljɔ̃/ |
fouliez /fu.lje/ |
foulent /ful/ |
imperfect2 | foulasse /fu.las/ |
foulasses /fu.las/ |
foulât /fu.la/ |
foulassions /fu.la.sjɔ̃/ |
foulassiez /fu.la.sje/ |
foulassent /fu.las/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | foule /ful/ |
— | foulons /fu.lɔ̃/ |
foulez /fu.le/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “fouler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.