gairm

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”); see gair for more.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈɡaɾʲəmʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɪɾʲəmʲ/

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular as substantive gairme, genitive as verbal noun gairthe, nominative plural gairmeacha)

1. verbal noun of gair
2. call, summons
3. calling, vocation
4. acclaim

Declension

(as verbal noun):

Declension of gairm

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun) Case Singular Nominative gairm Vocative a ghairm Genitive gairthe Dative gairm

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an ghairm Genitive na gairthe Dative leis an ngairm don ghairm

(as substantive):

Declension of gairm

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative gairm gairmeacha Vocative a ghairm a ghairmeacha Genitive gairme gairmeacha Dative gairm gairmeacha

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an ghairm na gairmeacha Genitive na gairme na ngairmeacha Dative leis an ngairm don ghairm leis na gairmeacha

Derived terms

• aisghairm
• athghairm (“restoration; encore; replay; recall”)
• comhairleoir gairme (“vocational counsellor”)
• comhghairm (“convocation; to convene”)
• cúirtghairm
• cúlghairm (“revocation”)
• cumann gairme (“professional association”)
• forbairt ghairme (“career development”)
• forghairm (“interpellation”)
• gairm chun fianachta (“calling to witness”)
• gairm chun urnaí (“call to prayer”)
• gairm ghrianghraf (“photocall”)
• gairm na múinteoireachta (“teaching profession”)
• gairm scoile
• gairmchomhairliú (“vocational counseling”)
• gairmeach
• gairmí
• gairmiúil
• gairmoideachas (“vocational education”)
• gairmoiliúint (“vocational training”)
• gairmscoil
• gairmthreoir (“career guidance, vocational guidance”)
• gairmuimhir
• gradam gairme (“occupational prestige”)
• oiliúint ghairme (“vocational training”)
• pleanáil ghairme (“career planning”)
• sluaghairm (“slogan”)
• so-aistritheacht ghairme (“occupational mobility”)
• sos gairme (“career break”)
• toghairm (“summons”)

 

Verb

gairm (present analytic gairmeann, future analytic gairmfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmthe)

1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of gair (“call; invoke; acclaim”)

Conjugation

conjugation of gairm (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	gairmim	gairmeann tú; gairmir†	gairmeann sé, sí	gairmimid	gairmeann sibh	gairmeann siad; gairmid†	a ghairmeann; a ghairmeas / a ngairmeann*; a ngairmeas*	gairmtear
	past	ghairm mé; ghairmeas	ghairm tú; ghairmis	ghairm sé, sí	ghairmeamar; ghairm muid	ghairm sibh; ghairmeabhair	ghairm siad; ghairmeadar	a ghairm / ar ghairm*	gairmeadh
	past habitual	ghairminn / ngairminn‡‡	ghairmteá / ngairmteᇇ	ghairmeadh sé, sí / ngairmeadh sé, s퇇	ghairmimis; ghairmeadh muid / ngairmimis‡‡; ngairmeadh muid‡‡	ghairmeadh sibh / ngairmeadh sibh‡‡	ghairmidís; ghairmeadh siad / ngairmidís‡‡; ngairmeadh siad‡‡	a ghairmeadh / a ngairmeadh*	ghairmtí / ngairmt퇇
future		gairmfidh mé; gairmfead	gairmfidh tú; gairmfir†	gairmfidh sé, sí	gairmfimid; gairmfidh muid	gairmfidh sibh	gairmfidh siad; gairmfid†	a ghairmfidh; a ghairmfeas / a ngairmfidh*; a ngairmfeas*	gairmfear
conditional		ghairmfinn / ngairmfinn‡‡	ghairmfeá / ngairmfeᇇ	ghairmfeadh sé, sí / ngairmfeadh sé, s퇇	ghairmfimis; ghairmfeadh muid / ngairmfimis‡‡; ngairmfeadh muid‡‡	ghairmfeadh sibh / ngairmfeadh sibh‡‡	ghairmfidís; ghairmfeadh siad / ngairmfidís‡‡; ngairmfeadh siad‡‡	a ghairmfeadh / a ngairmfeadh*	ghairmfí / ngairmf퇇
subjunctive	present	go ngairme mé; go ngairmead†	go ngairme tú; go ngairmir†	go ngairme sé, sí	go ngairmimid; go ngairme muid	go ngairme sibh	go ngairme siad; go ngairmid†	—	go ngairmtear
	past	dá ngairminn	dá ngairmteá	dá ngairmeadh sé, sí	dá ngairmimis; dá ngairmeadh muid	dá ngairmeadh sibh	dá ngairmidís; dá ngairmeadh siad	—	dá ngairmtí
imperative		gairmim	gairm	gairmeadh sé, sí	gairmimis	gairmigí; gairmidh†	gairmidís	—	gairmtear
verbal noun		gairm
past participle		gairmthe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gairm	ghairm	ngairm
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gairm”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gairm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r̥-smn̥, from *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɤɾʲəm/

Verb

gairm (past ghairm, future gairmidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmte)

1. call, cry
2. crow (cock, etc.)
3. declare (war, ceasefire, etc.)
4. draft (into armed forces)

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular gairme, plural gairmean or gairmeannan)

1. verbal noun of gairm
2. cry, call
3. crow (cock's)
4. proclamation

   Synonym: glaodhadh

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
gairm	ghairm
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “gairm”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gairm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language