hapata

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑtɑˣ/, [ˈhɑ̝pɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑtɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ha‧pa‧ta

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak, equivalent to happa- (“to sour”) +‎ -(e)ta

Verb

hapata

1. (intransitive) to (turn/go) sour, acidify, lopper

   Synonym: hapantua

Conjugation

Inflection of hapata (Kotus type 72*B/vanheta, pp-p gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		happanen	en happane	1st sing.	olen hapannut	en ole hapannut
2nd sing.		happanet	et happane	2nd sing.	olet hapannut	et ole hapannut
3rd sing.		happanee	ei happane	3rd sing.	on hapannut	ei ole hapannut
1st plur.		happanemme	emme happane	1st plur.	olemme hapanneet	emme ole hapanneet
2nd plur.		happanette	ette happane	2nd plur.	olette hapanneet	ette ole hapanneet
3rd plur.		happanevat	eivät happane	3rd plur.	ovat hapanneet	eivät ole hapanneet
passive		hapataan	ei hapata	passive	on hapattu	ei ole hapattu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		happanin	en hapannut	1st sing.	olin hapannut	en ollut hapannut
2nd sing.		happanit	et hapannut	2nd sing.	olit hapannut	et ollut hapannut
3rd sing.		happani	ei hapannut	3rd sing.	oli hapannut	ei ollut hapannut
1st plur.		happanimme	emme hapanneet	1st plur.	olimme hapanneet	emme olleet hapanneet
2nd plur.		happanitte	ette hapanneet	2nd plur.	olitte hapanneet	ette olleet hapanneet
3rd plur.		happanivat	eivät hapanneet	3rd plur.	olivat hapanneet	eivät olleet hapanneet
passive		hapattiin	ei hapattu	passive	oli hapattu	ei ollut hapattu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		happanisin	en happanisi	1st sing.	olisin hapannut	en olisi hapannut
2nd sing.		happanisit	et happanisi	2nd sing.	olisit hapannut	et olisi hapannut
3rd sing.		happanisi	ei happanisi	3rd sing.	olisi hapannut	ei olisi hapannut
1st plur.		happanisimme	emme happanisi	1st plur.	olisimme hapanneet	emme olisi hapanneet
2nd plur.		happanisitte	ette happanisi	2nd plur.	olisitte hapanneet	ette olisi hapanneet
3rd plur.		happanisivat	eivät happanisi	3rd plur.	olisivat hapanneet	eivät olisi hapanneet
passive		hapattaisiin	ei hapattaisi	passive	olisi hapattu	ei olisi hapattu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		happane	älä happane	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		hapatkoon	älköön hapatko	3rd sing.	olkoon hapannut	älköön olko hapannut
1st plur.		hapatkaamme	älkäämme hapatko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		hapatkaa	älkää hapatko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		hapatkoot	älkööt hapatko	3rd plur.	olkoot hapanneet	älkööt olko hapanneet
passive		hapattakoon	älköön hapattako	passive	olkoon hapattu	älköön olko hapattu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		hapannen	en hapanne	1st sing.	lienen hapannut	en liene hapannut
2nd sing.		hapannet	et hapanne	2nd sing.	lienet hapannut	et liene hapannut
3rd sing.		hapannee	ei hapanne	3rd sing.	lienee hapannut	ei liene hapannut
1st plur.		hapannemme	emme hapanne	1st plur.	lienemme hapanneet	emme liene hapanneet
2nd plur.		hapannette	ette hapanne	2nd plur.	lienette hapanneet	ette liene hapanneet
3rd plur.		hapannevat	eivät hapanne	3rd plur.	lienevät hapanneet	eivät liene hapanneet
passive		hapattaneen	ei hapattane	passive	lienee hapattu	ei liene hapattu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		hapata		present	happaneva	hapattava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st hapatakseni hapataksemme 2nd hapataksesi hapataksenne 3rd hapatakseen hapataksensa		past	hapannut	hapattu
2nd	inessive2	hapatessa	hapattaessa	agent3	happanema
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st hapatessani hapatessamme 2nd hapatessasi hapatessanne 3rd hapatessaan hapatessansa		negative	happanematon
	instructive	hapaten	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
3rd	inessive	happanemassa	—
	elative	happanemasta	—
	illative	happanemaan	—
	adessive	happanemalla	—
	abessive	happanematta	—
	instructive	happaneman	hapattaman
4th4	verbal noun	happaneminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st happanemaisillani happanemaisillamme 2nd happanemaisillasi happanemaisillanne 3rd happanemaisillaan happanemaisillansa

Derived terms

nouns

• happaneminen

 

verbs

• hapattaa

 

Further reading

• “hapata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

Verb

hapata

1. inflection of hapattaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• hapaat

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak, equivalent to hapa- (“sour”) +‎ -ta. Cognates include Finnish hapata and Estonian hapneda.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑtɑ/, [ˈhɑpɑt]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑtɑ/, [ˈhɑb̥ɑd̥ɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑt, -ɑpɑtɑ
• Hyphenation: ha‧pa‧ta

Verb

hapata

1. (intransitive) to sour

Conjugation

Conjugation of hapata (type 15/valeta, pp-p gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happenen	en happene	1st singular	oon hapent, oon hapennut	en oo hapent, en oo hapennut
2nd singular	happenet	et happene	2nd singular	oot hapent, oot hapennut	et oo hapent, et oo hapennut
3rd singular	happenoo	ei happene	3rd singular	ono hapent, ono hapennut	ei oo hapent, ei oo hapennut
1st plural	happenemma	emmä happene	1st plural	oomma hapenneet	emmä oo hapenneet
2nd plural	happenetta	että happene	2nd plural	ootta hapenneet	että oo hapenneet
3rd plural	happenoot1), happenevat2), hapataa	evät happene, ei hapata	3rd plural	ovat hapenneet	evät oo hapenneet, ei oo hapattu
impersonal	hapataa	ei hapata	impersonal	ono hapattu	ei oo hapattu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happenin	en hapent, en hapennut	1st singular	olin hapent, olin hapennut	en olt hapent, en olt hapennut
2nd singular	happenit	et hapent, et hapennut	2nd singular	olit hapent, olit hapennut	et olt hapent, et olt hapennut
3rd singular	happeni	ei hapent, ei hapennut	3rd singular	oli hapent, oli hapennut	ei olt hapent, ei olt hapennut
1st plural	happenimma	emmä hapenneet	1st plural	olimma hapenneet	emmä olleet hapenneet
2nd plural	happenitta	että hapenneet	2nd plural	olitta hapenneet	että olleet hapenneet
3rd plural	happeniit1), happenivat2), hapattii	evät hapenneet, ei hapattu	3rd plural	olivat hapenneet	evät olleet hapenneet, ei olt hapattu
impersonal	hapattii	ei hapattu	impersonal	oli hapattu	ei olt hapattu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	happenisin	en happenis	1st singular	olisin hapent, olisin hapennut	en olis hapent, en olis hapennut
2nd singular	happenisit, happeniist1)	et happenis	2nd singular	olisit hapent, olisit hapennut	et olis hapent, et olis hapennut
3rd singular	happenis	ei happenis	3rd singular	olis hapent, olis hapennut	ei olis hapent, ei olis hapennut
1st plural	happenisimma	emmä happenis	1st plural	olisimma hapenneet	emmä olis hapenneet
2nd plural	happenisitta	että happenis	2nd plural	olisitta hapenneet	että olis hapenneet
3rd plural	happenisiit1), happenisivat2), hapattais	evät happenis, ei hapattais	3rd plural	olisivat hapenneet	evät olis hapenneet, ei olis hapattu
impersonal	hapattais	ei hapattais	impersonal	olis hapattu	ei olis hapattu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	happene	elä happene	2nd singular	oo hapent, oo hapennut	elä oo hapent, elä oo hapennut
3rd singular	hapatkoo	elköö hapatko	3rd singular	olkoo hapent, olkoo hapennut	elköö olko hapent, elköö olko hapennut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	hapatkaa	elkää hapatko	2nd plural	olkaa hapenneet	elkää olko hapenneet
3rd plural	hapatkoot	elkööt hapatko, elköö hapattako	3rd plural	olkoot hapenneet	elkööt olko hapenneet, elköö olko hapattu
impersonal	hapattakkoo	elköö hapattako	impersonal	olkoo hapattu	elköö olko hapattu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	hapenen	en hapene
2nd singular	hapenet	et hapene
3rd singular	hapenoo	ei hapene
1st plural	hapenemma	emmä hapene
2nd plural	hapenetta	että hapene
3rd plural	hapenoot	evät hapene, ei hapattane
impersonal	hapattannoo	ei hapattane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		hapata	present	happeneva	hapattava
2nd	inessive	hapatees	past	hapent, hapennut	hapattu
	instructive	hapaten	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (hapatkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	happenommaa
	inessive	happenomas
	elative	happenomast
	abessive	happenomata
4th	nominative	happenomiin
	partitive	happenomista, happenomist

Synonyms

• hapantua

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 39

Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak.

Verb

hapata

1. to rot

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak.

Verb

hapata

1. to rot

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'at'ak. Related to Finnish hapata.

Verb

hapata

1. to rot, to go bad

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “гнить, загнивать, тухнуть”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika