hitherto

English

Etymology

From Middle English hiderto, corresponding to hither +‎ to.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈhɪðəˌtuː/, /ˌhɪðəˈtuː/, [ˈhɪðəˌtʰuː], [ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː]
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈhɪðɚˌtu/, /ˌhɪðɚˈtu/, [ˈhɪðɚˌtʰu], [ˌhɪðɚˈtʰu]

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Adverb

hitherto (not comparable)

1. (formal, also law) Up to this or that time or point.

   Synonyms: up to now, heretofore; see also Thesaurus:hitherto

   Antonyms: from now on, henceforth; see also Thesaurus:henceforth

   • 1830, Anna Maria Porter, The Barony, volume 3, page 460:

     The exhaustless conjecturings of that evening's full conversation, made such of the small party, as had hitherto been strangers, well acquainted with each other's turn of mind […]

   • 1910 [1848 February 21], Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, chapter I, in Samuel Moore, transl., edited by Friedrich Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party‎^[1], Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & company, page 12:

     The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

   • 2014, James Lambert, “Diachronic stability in Indian English lexis”, in World Englishes, page 124:

     The results of this study argue for a greater endonormativity in Indian English than has hitherto been recognised.

   • 2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and pleasure on the Far North Line”, in RAIL, number 942, page 49:

     North of Tain [...], the line reaches the southern shore of Dornoch Firth. Here, the railway and the A9 trunk road, which have hitherto run close together, diverge.

Related terms

• thitherto
• whitherto

Translations

up to this time

• Arabic: حَتَّى الْآن (ḥattā l-ʔān)
• Bulgarian: досега́ (bg) (dosegá)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 到目前為止／到目前为止 (dào mùqián wéizhǐ), 迄今 (zh) (qìjīn), 迄今為止／迄今为止 (zh) (qìjīn wéizhǐ), 至今 (zh) (zhìjīn)

• Czech: doposud (cs), až dosud
• Danish: hidtil
• Dutch: tot dan toe, tot hiertoe, tot dusver, tot nu toe, tot dusverre
• Esperanto: ĝis nun, ĝisnune
• Faroese: higartil
• Finnish: tähän mennessä, siihen mennessä, sitä ennen, aiemmin (fi)
• French: jusqu’ici (fr), jusqu’alors (fr), jusqu’à maintenant, jusqu’à présent (fr)
• Georgian: აქამდე (akamde), აქამომდე (akamomde), დღემდე (dɣemde), უწინ (uc̣in), ამ დრომდე (am dromde)
• German: bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt, bis jetzt, bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt, bisher (de), bislang (de), bis dato, bis dahin, zuvor (de)
• Hebrew: עד כה
• Hungarian: eddig (hu), addig (hu)
• Indonesian: sampai saat ini, hingga kini, sampai sekarang
• Italian: fin qui, fino a qui, fino ad ora, fino allora, finora (it)
• Japanese: 今まで (いままで, imamade), これまで (koremade), これまでのところ (koremade no tokoro)
• Korean: 여태 (ko) (yeotae)
• Latin: adhūc (la), hactenus (la), hucusque, illatenus, aliquando (la)
• Macedonian: досега (dosega)
• Norwegian: hittil (no)
• Occitan: fins ara, fins a aquel moment
• Persian: تاکنون (fa) (tâ-konun)
• Polish: dotychczas (pl), dotąd (pl)
• Portuguese: até agora
• Romanian: până acum, până în acest moment
• Russian: пока́ что (ru) (poká što), до сих по́р (ru) (do six pór), пока́ (ru) (poká), (obsolete) доны́не (ru) (donýne), (archaic) подне́сь (ru) (podnésʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: thuige seo
• Serbo-Croatian: dòsad (sh), dòsada (sh), dòtad (sh), dòtada
• Slovene: do zdaj
• Spanish: hasta ahora, hasta aquí, hasta este momento, en ese entonces
• Swedish: hittills (sv), dittills (sv), hitintills (sv)
• Telugu: ఇప్పటివరకు (ippaṭivaraku), అప్పటివరకు (appaṭivaraku)
• Turkish: -e kadar, o ana kadar
• Welsh: hyd yn hyn

References

• “hitherto”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.