istuma
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *istudak (“to sit”), from Proto-Finno-Permic *isɜ-. Cognate to Finnish istua, Erzya озамс (ozams). Possibly of Indo-European origin; from Proto-Indo-European *sed-. Compare Ancient Greek ἕζομαι (hézomai).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
istuma (da-infinitive istuda)
- to sit (to be in such a position where the buttock rests on some kind of base and the back is upright)
- to sit (to stay in a place or situation for a long time)
- (informal) to fit (to be suitable, to be acceptable or pleasant)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of istuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | istun | ei istu | 1st sing. | olen istunud | ei ole istunud pole istunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | istud | 2nd sing. | oled istunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | istub | 3rd sing. | on istunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | istume | 1st plur. | oleme istunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | istute | 2nd plur. | olete istunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | istuvad | 3rd plur. | on istunud | ||||||
| passive | istutakse | ei istuta | passive | on istutud | ei ole istutud pole istutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | istusin | ei istunud | 1st sing. | olin istunud | ei olnud istunud polnud istunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | istusid | 2nd sing. | olid istunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | istus | 3rd sing. | oli istunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | istusime | 1st plur. | olime istunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | istusite | 2nd plur. | olite istunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | istusid | 3rd plur. | oli istunud | ||||||
| passive | istuti | ei istutud | passive | oli istutud | ei olnud istutud polnud istutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | istuksin | ei istuks | 1st sing. | istunuksin oleksin istunud |
ei istunuks ei oleks istunud poleks istunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | istuksid | 2nd sing. | istunuksid oleksid istunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | istuks | 3rd sing. | istunuks oleks istunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | istuksime | 1st plur. | istunuksime oleksime istunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | istuksite | 2nd plur. | istunuksite oleksite istunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | istuksid | 3rd plur. | istunuksid oleksid istunud | ||||||
| passive | istutaks | ei istutaks | passive | oleks istutud | ei oleks istutud poleks istutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | istu | ära istu | 2nd sing. | ole istunud | ära ole istunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | istugu | ärgu istugu | 3rd sing. | olgu istunud | ärgu olgu istunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | istugem | ärme istume ärme istu ärgem istugem |
1st plur. | olgem istunud | ärme oleme istunud ärme ole istunud ärgem olgem istunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | istuge | ärge istuge | 2nd plur. | olge istunud | ärge olge istunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | istugu | ärgu istugu | 3rd plur. | olgu istunud | ärgu olgu istunud | ||||
| passive | istutagu | ärgu istutagu | passive | olgu istutud | ärgu olgu istutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | istuvat | ei istuvat | active | olevat istunud | ei olevat istunud polevat istunud | ||||
| passive | istutavat | ei istutavat | passive | olevat istutud | ei olevat istutud polevat istutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | istuma | istutama | nominative | istuda | olla istunud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | istudes | olles istunud | |||||
| inessive | istumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | istumast | present | istuv | istutav | |||||
| translative | istumaks | past | istunud | istutud | |||||
| abessive | istumata | negative | istumatu | — | |||||
Related terms edit
References edit
Finnish edit
Participle edit
istuma
Declension edit
| Inflection of istuma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | istuma | istumat | |
| genitive | istuman | istumien | |
| partitive | istumaa | istumia | |
| illative | istumaan | istumiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | istuma | istumat | |
| accusative | nom. | istuma | istumat |
| gen. | istuman | ||
| genitive | istuman | istumien istumainrare | |
| partitive | istumaa | istumia | |
| inessive | istumassa | istumissa | |
| elative | istumasta | istumista | |
| illative | istumaan | istumiin | |
| adessive | istumalla | istumilla | |
| ablative | istumalta | istumilta | |
| allative | istumalle | istumille | |
| essive | istumana | istumina | |
| translative | istumaksi | istumiksi | |
| abessive | istumatta | istumitta | |
| instructive | — | istumin | |
| comitative | — | istumine | |