liggen
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch liggen, from Old Dutch liggen, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
liggen
- (intransitive) to lie; to be lying down
- (intransitive, often of place names) to be, to be placed or located
- Er ligt een hoop rommel op zolder.
- There is a lot of rubbish in the attic.
- Kun je me zeggen waar Geldrop ligt?
- Could you tell me where Geldrop is (located)?
- (auxiliary, with te) Forms a continuous aspect. Although it carries an implication of lying, this is vague and is not emphasized.
- Je biefstuk ligt daar koud te worden.
- Your steak is (lying) there getting cold.
Inflection edit
| Inflection of liggen (strong class 5) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | liggen | |||
| past singular | lag | |||
| past participle | gelegen | |||
| infinitive | liggen | |||
| gerund | liggen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | lig | lag | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | ligt | lag | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | ligt | lag | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | ligt | laagt | ||
| 3rd person singular | ligt | lag | ||
| plural | liggen | lagen | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | ligge | lage | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | liggen | lagen | ||
| imperative sing. | lig | |||
| imperative plur.1 | ligt | |||
| participles | liggend | gelegen | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- aaneenliggen
- aanliggen
- achterafliggen
- achterliggen
- achteropliggen
- achteroverliggen
- afliggen
- beliggen
- bijeenliggen
- bijliggen
- binnenliggen
- blootliggen
- bovenliggen
- buitenliggen
- dichtliggen
- doodliggen
- doorliggen
- dubbel liggen
- dwarsliggen
- geliggen
- gelijkliggen
- gereedliggen
- heenliggen
- in de lijn der verwachting liggen
- in een deuk liggen
- ineenliggen
- inliggen
- klaarliggen
- kromliggen
- liggende vetmuur
- ligging
- losliggen
- medeliggen
- meeliggen
- nabijliggen
- nederliggen
- neerliggen
- omhoogliggen
- omlaagliggen
- omliggen
- omverliggen
- onderliggen
- onderuitliggen
- opeenliggen
- openliggen
- opliggen
- opzijliggen
- overeenliggen
- overhoopliggen
- overliggen
- platliggen
- rechtliggen
- rondliggen
- samenliggen
- stilliggen
- stukliggen
- tegenliggen
- tegenoverliggen
- terugliggen
- thuisliggen
- toeliggen
- tussenliggen
- uiteenliggen
- uitliggen
- vastliggen
- verliggen
- volliggen
- vooraanliggen
- voorinliggen
- voorliggen
- vooropliggen
- vooroverliggen
- vooruitliggen
- vrijliggen
- wegliggen
Descendants edit
Dutch Low Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Old Saxon liggian, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-. Compare Dutch liggen, German liegen, West Frisian lizze, English lie, Danish ligge.
Verb edit
liggen (past singular lag, past participle elaegen, auxiliary verb waen or hebben)
- (intransitive) to lie; to be lying down
- (intransitive, often of place names) to be, to be placed or located
- Daor ligt mien hoes an de waterkaante.
- There is my house by the coast.
- Kön i'j mi'j wiezen waor Bersenbrügge ligt?
- Could you tell me where Bersenbrücke is (located)?
- (intransitive, with te and another verb) Used as an alternative to waen + an 't to form a continuous aspect.
- Jan veel in t water. No ligt ziene klere te dreugen op t grösveld.
- Jan fell in the water. Now his clothes are lying on the lawn to dry.
German Low German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Saxon liggian, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Compare Dutch liggen, German liegen, West Frisian lizze, English lie, Danish ligge.
Verb edit
liggen (past singular leeg, past participle legen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (intransitive) to lie; to be lying down
- (intransitive, often of place names) to be, to be placed or located
- Dor liggt mien Huus an't Waterkant.
- There is my house by the coast.
- Köönt ji mi wiesen wor Bersenbrügge liggt?
- Could you tell me where Bersenbrücke is (located)?
- (intransitive, with te and another verb) Used as an alternative to wesen + an't to form a continuous aspect.
- Dien Eten liggt dor kold to warren.
- Your food is (lying) there getting cold.
Usage notes edit
- The grammar given is for a Northern Low Saxon dialect that merges all close-mid and mid-open vowels and elides syllable-final schwa. As such it is lacking distinctions that are grammatical in other dialects.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of liggen (class 2 strong verb)
| infinitive | liggen | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | ligg | leeg |
| 2nd person singular | liggs(t) | leegs(t) |
| 3rd person singular | ligg(t) | leeg |
| plural | liggt, liggen | legen |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | ligg | |
| plural | liggt | |
| participle | present | past |
| liggen | (e)legen, gelegen | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch liggen, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Verb edit
liggen
- to lie, be lying horizontal
- to lie, to have been placed
- to be located, to be present
- to live (in a place)
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “licghen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “liggen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Old Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną.
Verb edit
liggen
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
- Middle Dutch: liggen
Further reading edit
- “liggen”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Swedish edit
Noun edit
liggen