retarder
English edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
retarder (plural retarders)
- Something which retards or slows.
- Synonyms: bottleneck, inhibitor, retardant, limiter
- Antonyms: accelerant, promoter, quickener
- The substance acted as a retarder to the chemical reaction because it radically changed the pH.
- 1999, Dale Crane, Fast-Track Test Guides for Aviation Maintenance: Airframe, page 147:
- Why is retarder used in dope when the dope is being sprayed in humid conditions? The retarder slows the drying of the dope and keeps it from blushing.
- (mechanical engineering) A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons.
- 1961 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The "Rheingold" goes via Cologne”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:
- [...] unlike the latest British yards, Gremberg has only primary retarders, manually operated, a method that the hump operators apparently prefer to electro-pneumatic control because they can grade the braking pressure more accurately by feel.
- (baking) A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough.
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Retarder (chemistry) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - Retarder (mechanical engineering) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Retarder (railroad) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin retardāre.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ʁə.taʁ.de/
- Homophones: retardai, retardé, retardée, retardées, retardés, retardez
audio (file)
Verb edit
retarder
- to retard, slow down
- Sa bêtise nous a énormément retardé. ― His stupidity greatly slowed us down.
- to postpone, put back
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | retarder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | retardant /ʁə.taʁ.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | retardé /ʁə.taʁ.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ |
retardes /ʁə.taʁd/ |
retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ |
retardons /ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/ |
retardez /ʁə.taʁ.de/ |
retardent /ʁə.taʁd/ |
| imperfect | retardais /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ |
retardais /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ |
retardait /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ |
retardions /ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/ |
retardiez /ʁə.taʁ.dje/ |
retardaient /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | retardai /ʁə.taʁ.de/ |
retardas /ʁə.taʁ.da/ |
retarda /ʁə.taʁ.da/ |
retardâmes /ʁə.taʁ.dam/ |
retardâtes /ʁə.taʁ.dat/ |
retardèrent /ʁə.taʁ.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | retarderai /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/ |
retarderas /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/ |
retardera /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/ |
retarderons /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ |
retarderez /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/ |
retarderont /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | retarderais /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
retarderais /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
retarderait /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
retarderions /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
retarderiez /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁje/ |
retarderaient /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ |
retardes /ʁə.taʁd/ |
retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ |
retardions /ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/ |
retardiez /ʁə.taʁ.dje/ |
retardent /ʁə.taʁd/ |
| imperfect2 | retardasse /ʁə.taʁ.das/ |
retardasses /ʁə.taʁ.das/ |
retardât /ʁə.taʁ.da/ |
retardassions /ʁə.taʁ.da.sjɔ̃/ |
retardassiez /ʁə.taʁ.da.sje/ |
retardassent /ʁə.taʁ.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ |
— | retardons /ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/ |
retardez /ʁə.taʁ.de/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “retarder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin edit
Verb edit
retarder
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
retarder m
Anagrams edit
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
retarder
- (transitive) to retard; to delay; to make late
- li qel paiement par la dite encheson ad esté uncore retardez, Bretigny 28.18
- The aforementioned payment by the same occasion has again been delayed
- li qel paiement par la dite encheson ad esté uncore retardez, Bretigny 28.18
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | retarder | avoir retardé | |||||
| gerund | en retardant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | retardant | ||||||
| past participle | retardé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | retart | retardes | retarde | retardons | retardez | retardent |
| imperfect | retardoie, retardeie, retardoe, retardeve | retardoies, retardeies, retardoes, retardeves | retardoit, retardeit, retardot, retardeve | retardiiens, retardiens | retardiiez, retardiez | retardoient, retardeient, retardoent, retardevent | |
| preterite | retardai | retardas | retarda | retardames | retardastes | retarderent | |
| future | retarderai | retarderas | retardera | retarderons | retarderoiz, retardereiz, retarderez | retarderont | |
| conditional | retarderoie, retardereie | retarderoies, retardereies | retarderoit, retardereit | retarderiiens, retarderiens | retarderiiez, retarderiez | retarderoient, retardereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | retart | retarz | retart | retardons | retardez | retardent |
| imperfect | retardasse | retardasses | retardast | retardissons, retardissiens | retardissoiz, retardissez, retardissiez | retardassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | retarde | — | retardons | retardez | — | ||