secundus

See also: Secundus

Latin edit

**Latin numbers ^(edit)**
	20^{[a], [b], [c], [d], [e]}
← 1	II 2	3 →
Cardinal: duo Ordinal: secundus, alter Adverbial: bis Multiplier: duplex, duplus Distributive: bīnus Collective: bīniō Fractional: dīmidius, sēmis

Etymology edit

From Proto-Italic *sekʷondo- (literally “that follows”); equivalent to sequor (“to follow”) +‎ -undus.^[1] The positive meanings "favourable, fair" come from the notion of the wind or current following you from behind.^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /seˈkun.dus/, [s̠ɛˈkʊn̪d̪ʊs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /seˈkun.dus/, [seˈkun̪d̪us]

Numeral edit

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum); first/second-declension numeral

second, the ordinal number after prīmus (“first”) and before tertius (“third”)

Declension edit

First/second-declension adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	secundus	secunda	secundum	secundī	secundae	secunda
Genitive	secundī	secundae	secundī	secundōrum	secundārum	secundōrum
Dative	secundō	secundae	secundō	secundīs
Accusative	secundum	secundam	secundum	secundōs	secundās	secunda
Ablative	secundō	secundā	secundō	secundīs
Vocative	secunde	secunda	secundum	secundī	secundae	secunda

Derived terms edit

secundī decennālēs

Descendants edit

→ Albanian: sekondë
Catalan: segon, segó
→ English: second
French: second, son
Galician: segundo
Italian: secondo
Ladin: segondo
Old Occitan: segon
- Occitan: segon
Portuguese: segundo
Romanian: secund
Scots: seicont
Spanish: segundo
→ Võro: sekond

Adjective edit

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum, comparative secundior, superlative secundissimus); first/second-declension adjective

next, following
Synonym: posterior
according to (with object in accusative case)
second
secondary, subordinate, inferior
Synonym: posterior
(nautical) favourable, fair (of weather, seas)
(military) fortunate, lucky, victorious, successful (of battle--secundis proeliis)
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.29:
  Errare, si qui in bello omnes secundos rerum proventus exspectent
  If whoever expects every events in the war to be favorable, erred
(poetic) propitious, favorable, fortunate

Declension edit

First/second-declension adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	secundus	secunda	secundum	secundī	secundae	secunda
Genitive	secundī	secundae	secundī	secundōrum	secundārum	secundōrum
Dative	secundō	secundae	secundō	secundīs
Accusative	secundum	secundam	secundum	secundōs	secundās	secunda
Ablative	secundō	secundā	secundō	secundīs
Vocative	secunde	secunda	secundum	secundī	secundae	secunda

Descendants edit

Catalan: segon, segó
English: second (borrowed)
French: second, son
Italian: secondo
Portuguese: segundo
Romanian: secund
Scots: seicont
Sicilian: sicunnu
Spanish: según, segundo

Related terms edit

References edit

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sequor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “secundus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[2] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 608
^ The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989. Volume XIV, page 825.

Further reading edit

“secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
secundus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
secundus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to have favourable, contrary, winds: ventis secundis, adversis uti
- to be fortunate, lucky: fortuna secunda uti
- to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity: rebus secundis efferri
- the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium
- the dessert: secunda mensa (Att. 14. 6. 2)
- to fight successfully: proeliis secundis uti
- (ambiguous) with the stream; downstream: flumine secundo
“secundus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“secundus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sequor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “secundus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[2] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 608

[3] The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989. Volume XIV, page 825.

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