smn

Translingual

Symbol

smn

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Inari Sámi.

Egyptian

Etymology 1

s- (causative prefix) +‎ mn (“to be established, to remain”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /siˈmiːnit/, /ˈsimnit/ → /siˈmiːniʔ/, /ˈsimniʔ/ → /səˈmiːna/, /ˈsemna/ → /səˈmiːnə/, /ˈsemnə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /siˈmiːnit/, /ˈsimnit/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /siˈmiːniʔ/, /ˈsimniʔ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈmiːna/, /ˈsemna/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈmiːnə/, /ˈsemnə/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛmɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: semen

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to establish, to fix, to set
   1. (transitive) to set up, to fix, to set firmly in place (a throne, a crown, a person, ornaments) (+ n: for (someone); + ḥr: on)
   2. (transitive) to set up, to lastingly establish (something abstract: borders, laws, righteousness, festivals, someone’s rank, etc.)
      • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 23–24:

        smn mꜣꜥt n nb.s rdjw sꜣ r jsft

        Righteousness has been established for its possessor, and the back is turned on wrong.

   3. (transitive) to finish creating, to establish, to make fast (the sky or earth)
   4. (transitive) to erect, to establish, to build (a building, part of a building, monument, or stela) (+ ḥr, m, or r: at (a place))
   5. (transitive) to reattach (severed body parts)
   6. (transitive) to fortify (the heart/mind), to make firm, steadfast, unwavering, stouthearted, especially in battle
      • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.5–1.6:

        jw jkn n(j) mw ꜥḫm.f jbt jw mḥ{t}⟨w⟩ r(ꜣ) m šww smn.f jb

        For a cup of water quenches thirst, for a mouthful of šww-herbs makes the heart firm.

   7. (transitive) to make (one’s legs or feet) steadfast or firm of step
   8. (transitive) to tighten (a knot), to secure (a rope)
   9. (transitive) to set (a person) upright, on one's feet (as opposed to lying down, inverted, etc.)
   10. (transitive) to appoint (a person) (+ m: to (an office))
2. (transitive) to make endure, stay, remain (+ ḥr: upon (a place))
3. (transitive) to immortalize in writing, to write down with the intention of preserving
4. (transitive) to bring (a land) into order
5. (reflexive) to settle or fix oneself in place, to plant oneself (+ m: in (something); + r ḥꜣt: in front of (someone); + r: against (someone))
6. (reflexive, imperative) hold position, stand fast
7. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to stand still, to not move
8. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to hold position in battle (+ r ḥꜣt: in the face of; + ḥr: on (the battlefield))
9. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to halt, to stop moving
10. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to stick, to stay, to remain fixed, to endure
11. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to dwell, to stay in a place
12. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to be found at a place

Usage notes

The infinitive of this verb is treated as feminine.

Inflection

Conjugation of smn (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: smn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
smnt, smn	smnw, smn	smnt	smn	smn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
smn	ḥr smn	m smn	r smn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	smn.n	smnw, smn	consecutive	smn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	smnt
perfective3	smn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	smn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	smn	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	smnw, smn, smny	smnw, smn, smny	potentialis1	smn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	smn	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	smn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	smn	active + .tj1, .tw2	smn	smn, smnw5, smny5
imperfective	smn, smny, smnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	smn, smnj6, smny6	smn, smnw5
prospective	smn, smntj7	—	smnwtj1 4, smntj4, smnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of smn  

smn	smn	smn	smn	smn
[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[Late Period]
			in hieratic	rare

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ (smine)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲓ (semni)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲙⲛⲓ (semni), ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲓ (smini)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲙⲛⲛⲉ (smnne)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ (smine)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛmɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: semen

Noun

 m

1. a kind of goose

Inflection

Declension of smn (masculine)

singular	smn
dual	smnwj
plural	smnw

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲙⲟⲩⲛⲉ (smoune)

References

• “smn (lemma ID 851677)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “smn (lemma ID 135180)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[3], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 131–134.22, 136.2–136.4
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 228
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 157, 210.