spriest
English edit
Adjective edit
spriest
- superlative form of spry: most spry
Anagrams edit
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
This word results from the merging of two stems: (a) Proto-Baltic *spriesti < *spried-ti < Proto-Indo-European *spreyd- (“to press, to squeeze, to block”) (cf. Sudovian cognate saspriziz (“squeeze, crush”)); and (b) Proto-Baltic *sprensti, from *sprend-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sprend- (“to pull, to stretch, to jump”), from *per-, *sper- (“to pull, to kick, to scatter, to strew, to sputter”) (whence also Latvian spert and sprēgāt, q.v.). The meaning of the (b) forms, perhaps with some influence from the (a) forms, has become dominant, evolving from probably “to pull, to stretch, to drag”, via uses such as sprīdi spriest “to stretch a span”, i.e., “to measure (a span, a gap) by stretching one's fingers”, to “measure” > “evaluate” > “judge”. The (a) form meaning has basically disappeared in standard Latvian, but it can still be found in several dialects, where spriest can still mean “press, squeeze”, and in the standard language in some derived terms (e.g., spriesties, iespriest, saspriest). Cognates of the (b) forms include Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin (yarn)”), Russian прясть (prjastʹ), Ukrainian пря́сти (prjásty), Bulgarian преда́ (predá, “I spin”), Czech přísti, Polish prząść.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
spriest (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spriežu, spried, spriež, past spriedu)
- to judge (to make or formulate an opinion, a judgment)
- spriest patstāvīgi ― to judge independently
- spriest pēc nostāstiem ― to judge by witness accounts
- spriest pēc ārienes ― to judge by outside appearances
- spriest par nākotni ― to judge on, about the future
- viņš spriež pareizi ― he judges well, correctly
- man par šo jautājumu grūti spriest ― I find it difficult to judge on this question
- jā, nakts liekas vēsa... to var spriest pēc zvaigznēm ― yes, the night seemed cool... you could judge that by the stars
- (law) to try, to judge (to decide a case in court, to make, to emit a judgment in court)
- spriest sodu ― to pronounce (lit. judge) the verdict
- spriest tiesu ― to dispense (lit. judge) justice
- kā nu tiesa spriedīs, tā būs ― as the court will judge, so it will be (= it will be as the court decides)
- krimināllietās tiesu spriež, pamatojoties uz pilsoņu vienlīdzību likuma un tiesas priekšā ― in criminal court, justice is dispensed (lit. judged) on the basis of every citizen's equality before the law and the courts
Conjugation edit
Synonyms edit
- (of "try in court"): tiesāt
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spriesta, spriestb”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN