paha
English edit
Noun edit
paha (plural pahas or paha)
Bikol Central edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
pahà
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
páha
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *paha, borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*bāga-), from Proto-Germanic *bēgaz.
Adjective edit
paha (genitive paha, partitive paha, comparative pahem, superlative kõige pahem)
Declension edit
Declension of paha (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahad | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | paha | ||
genitive | pahade | ||
partitive | paha | pahu pahasid | |
illative | pahha pahasse |
pahadesse pahusse | |
inessive | pahas | pahades pahus | |
elative | pahast | pahadest pahust | |
allative | pahale | pahadele pahule | |
adessive | pahal | pahadel pahul | |
ablative | pahalt | pahadelt pahult | |
translative | pahaks | pahadeks pahuks | |
terminative | pahani | pahadeni | |
essive | pahana | pahadena | |
abessive | pahata | pahadeta | |
comitative | pahaga | pahadega |
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *paha.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
paha (comparative pahempi, superlative pahin)
- bad, evil, ill
- bad, unsuitable, unfitting, unhealthy
- bad, difficult, serious, severe, urgent
- Synonym: vakava
- difficult, hard, tricky
- (chiefly in expressions) bad, sorry
- Minulla on paha mieli. ― I feel sad / offended. (literally, “I have a bad mind.”)
Declension edit
Inflection of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | paha | pahat | |
genitive | pahan | pahojen | |
partitive | pahaa | pahoja | |
illative | pahaan | pahoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahat | |
accusative | nom. | paha | pahat |
gen. | pahan | ||
genitive | pahan | pahojen pahain rare | |
partitive | pahaa | pahoja | |
inessive | pahassa | pahoissa | |
elative | pahasta | pahoista | |
illative | pahaan | pahoihin | |
adessive | pahalla | pahoilla | |
ablative | pahalta | pahoilta | |
allative | pahalle | pahoille | |
essive | pahana | pahoina | |
translative | pahaksi | pahoiksi | |
abessive | pahatta | pahoitta | |
instructive | — | pahoin | |
comitative | — | pahoine |
Derived terms edit
- mielipaha
- pahaa-aavistamaton
- paha-aikeinen
- pahaenteinen
- pahahenki
- pahakaikuinen
- pahaluontoinen
- pahamaineinen
- pahanhajuinen
- pahanilkinen
- pahanilmanlintu
- pahankurinen
- pahanlaatuinen
- pahanluontoinen
- pahanmakuinen
- pahannäköinen
- pahanolontunne
- pahanpäiväinen
- pahansisuinen
- pahansuopa
- pahantahtoinen
- pahantapainen
- pahantekijä
- pahanteko
- pahantuulinen
- pahapuolukka
- pahaputki
- pahapäinen
- pahasuinen
- pahatapainen
- pahaääninen
- pahoillaan
- pahoin
- pahoinvoipa
- pahoinvoiva
Noun edit
paha
Declension edit
Inflection of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | paha | — | ||
genitive | pahan | — | ||
partitive | pahaa | — | ||
illative | pahaan | — | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | paha | — | ||
accusative | nom. | paha | — | |
gen. | pahan | |||
genitive | pahan | — | ||
partitive | pahaa | — | ||
inessive | pahassa | — | ||
elative | pahasta | — | ||
illative | pahaan | — | ||
adessive | pahalla | — | ||
ablative | pahalta | — | ||
allative | pahalle | — | ||
essive | pahana | — | ||
translative | pahaksi | — | ||
abessive | pahatta | — | ||
instructive | — | — | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Further reading edit
- “paha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Guaraní edit
Etymology edit
From pa (“ten”) + -ha (“ordinal number suffix”).
Adjective edit
paha
Hawaiian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle edit
paha
- Used to indicate the conditional mood, expressed in English as perhaps, might, possibly
Usage notes edit
Follows the word it modifies.
Conjunction edit
ā ... paha
Usage notes edit
The verb (and its modifying particles) go between ā and paha.
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay paha, from Proto-Malayic *paha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
paha (first-person possessive pahaku, second-person possessive pahamu, third-person possessive pahanya)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “paha” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
- Hyphenation: pa‧ha
Adjective edit
paha (comparative pahemp)
- bad
- paha ilma ― bad weather
Declension edit
Declension of paha (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | paha | pahat |
genitive | pahan | pahhoin |
partitive | pahhaa | pahoja |
illative | pahhaa | pahhoi |
inessive | pahas | pahois |
elative | pahast | pahoist |
allative | pahalle | pahoille |
adessive | pahal | pahoil |
ablative | pahalt | pahoilt |
translative | pahaks | pahoiks |
essive | pahanna, pahhaan | pahoinna, pahhoin |
exessive1) | pahant | pahoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 371
Karelian edit
North Karelian (Viena) |
paha |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
paha |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua)
Adjective edit
paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua, comparative pahempi/pahembi, superlative pahin)
Declension edit
Viena Karelian declension of paha (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahat | |
genitive | pahan | pahojen | |
partitive | pahua | pahoja | |
illative | pahah | pahoih | |
inessive | pahašša | pahoissa | |
elative | pahašta | pahoista | |
adessive | pahalla | pahoilla | |
ablative | pahalta | pahoilta | |
translative | pahakši | pahoiksi | |
essive | pahana | pahoina | |
comitative | — | pahoineh | |
abessive | pahatta | pahoitta |
Tver Karelian declension of paha (type 4/kala no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahat | |
genitive | pahan | pahoin | |
partitive | pahua | pahoida | |
illative | pahah | pahoih | |
inessive | pahašša | pahoissa | |
elative | pahašta | pahoista | |
adessive | pahalla | pahoilla | |
ablative | pahalda | pahoilda | |
translative | pahakši | pahoiksi | |
essive | pahana | pahoina | |
comitative | pahanke | pahoinke | |
abessive | pahatta | pahoitta |
Possessive forms of paha | ||
---|---|---|
1st person | pahani | |
2nd person | pahaš | |
3rd person | pahah | |
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. |
References edit
Livvi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua, comparative pahembi, superlative pahin)
Noun edit
paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua)
Declension edit
Declension of paha (Type 1/griba, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | paha | pahat |
genitive | pahan | pahoin |
partitive | pahua | pahoi |
illative | pahah | pahoih |
inessive | pahas | pahois |
elative | pahaspäi | pahoispäi |
allative | pahale | pahoile |
adessive | pahal | pahoil |
ablative | pahalpäi | pahoilpäi |
translative | pahakse | pahoikse |
essive | pahannu | pahoinnu |
abessive | pahattah | pahoittah |
comitative | pahanke | pahoinke |
instructive | pahoin | |
prolative | pahači |
References edit
- Tatjana Boiko (2019) “paha”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 198
Malay edit
Alternative forms edit
- peha (common nonstandard spelling)
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Malayic *paha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa. Cognate with Tagalog paa (“foot”).
Noun edit
paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
- thigh (upper leg)
- Paha ayam
- Chicken thigh
- Paha manusia
- Human thigh
Descendants edit
- Indonesian: paha
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
Further reading edit
- “paha” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Tagalog edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Spanish faja, from Aragonese faxa, from Latin fascia.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpaha/ [ˈpa.hɐ]
- Rhymes: -aha
- Syllabification: pa‧ha
Noun edit
paha (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜑ)
- girdle; band; binder
- paper band such as those wrapped around newspapers or magazines for addressing and mailing purposes
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Spanish paja, from Old Spanish paxa, from Latin palea.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpaha/ [ˈpa.hɐ]
- Rhymes: -aha
- Syllabification: pa‧ha
Noun edit
paha (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜑ)
References edit
- “paha”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish بها (baha, paha), from Persian بها (bahâ).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
paha (definite accusative pahayı, plural pahalar)
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | paha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | pahayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | paha | pahalar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | pahayı | pahaları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | pahaya | pahalara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | pahada | pahalarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | pahadan | pahalardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | pahanın | pahaların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “paha”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “paha²”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3753
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha.
Adjective edit
paha
Inflection edit
Inflection of paha (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | paha | ||
genitive sing. | pahan | ||
partitive sing. | pahad | ||
partitive plur. | pahoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | paha | pahad | |
accusative | pahan | pahad | |
genitive | pahan | pahoiden | |
partitive | pahad | pahoid | |
essive-instructive | pahan | pahoin | |
translative | pahaks | pahoikš | |
inessive | pahas | pahoiš | |
elative | pahaspäi | pahoišpäi | |
illative | pahaze | pahoiže | |
adessive | pahal | pahoil | |
ablative | pahalpäi | pahoilpäi | |
allative | pahale | pahoile | |
abessive | pahata | pahoita | |
comitative | pahanke | pahoidenke | |
prolative | pahadme | pahoidme | |
approximative I | pahanno | pahoidenno | |
approximative II | pahannoks | pahoidennoks | |
egressive | pahannopäi | pahoidennopäi | |
terminative I | pahazesai | pahoižesai | |
terminative II | pahalesai | pahoilesai | |
terminative III | pahassai | — | |
additive I | pahazepäi | pahoižepäi | |
additive II | pahalepäi | pahoilepäi |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “вредный, гадкий, недобрый, отвратительный”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Votic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *paha.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
paha
Inflection edit
Declension of paha (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | paha | pahad |
genitive | paha | pahojõ, pahoi |
partitive | pahha | pahoitõ, pahoi |
illative | pahhasõ, pahha | pahoisõ |
inessive | pahaz | pahoiz |
elative | pahassõ | pahoissõ |
allative | pahalõ | pahoilõ |
adessive | pahallõ | pahoillõ |
ablative | pahaltõ | pahoiltõ |
translative | pahassi | pahoissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References edit
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “paha”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English indeclinable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central adjectives
- Bikol Central terms borrowed from Spanish
- Bikol Central terms derived from Spanish
- Bikol Central nouns
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Norse
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian adjectives
- Estonian sõna-type nominals
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑhɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑhɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish adjectives
- Finnish terms with collocations
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish uncountable nouns
- Guaraní compound terms
- Guaraní lemmas
- Guaraní adjectives
- Guaraní ordinal numbers
- Hawaiian lemmas
- Hawaiian particles
- Hawaiian conjunctions
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ha
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ha/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Indonesian/a
- Rhymes:Indonesian/a/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Requests for plural forms in Indonesian entries
- id:Anatomy
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian adjectives
- Ingrian terms with collocations
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian nouns
- Karelian adjectives
- Livvi terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livvi terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livvi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Livvi/ɑhɑ
- Rhymes:Livvi/ɑhɑ/2 syllables
- Livvi lemmas
- Livvi adjectives
- Livvi nouns
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/aha
- Rhymes:Malay/ha
- Rhymes:Malay/a
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Malay terms with archaic senses
- ms:Mathematics
- ms:Anatomy
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Aragonese
- Tagalog terms derived from Latin
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aha
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aha/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms derived from Old Spanish
- tl:Clothing
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps adjectives
- Veps sana-type nominals
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑhɑ
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑhɑ/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic adjectives
- Votic jalkõ-type nominals