pe

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pe"

English

Alternative forms

• pei, pey

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peɪ/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -eɪ

Etymology 1

From Hebrew פֵּא (pê), from Proto-Semitic *pay- (“mouth”). Doublet of pi.

Noun

pe

1. The seventeenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew פ, Syriac ܦ, and others; Arabic has the analog faa).

Translations

Semitic letter

• Catalan: pe (ca) f
• Finnish: pe (fi)
• French: pé (fr) m, pe (fr) m
• Hebrew: פֵּא (he) (pê)
• Malay: pa (ms)
• Spanish: pei (es)
• Swedish: pe (sv)
• Yiddish: פּא m or f (pey)

See also

• Appendix:Hebrew alphabet

Further reading

• Pe (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Noun

pe (plural pes)

1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter П / п.

Anagrams

• EP, ep, ep.

Abinomn

Noun

pe

1. pig

Ainu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pe̞]

Etymology 1

Noun

pe (Kana spelling ペ)

1. (only in compounds) thing, article

   arawan ― seven

   arawanpe ― seven things

   wen ― bad

   wenpe ― bad thing

Alternative forms

• (apocopic) p

Etymology 2

Noun

pe (Kana spelling ペ)

1. water, especially in reference to a water body
2. liquid
3. juice

Alternative forms

• pehe

Derived terms

• pet (“river”)

See also

• wakka (“drinkable water”)

Albanian

Alternative forms

• pê

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pe]

Etymology 1

• From Proto-Albanian *petja, from Proto-Indo-European *petino-, from *pet- (“to spread out, to extend”) (compare English fathom). Alternatively from Latin pannus (“cloth, rag, garment”); cf. Greek πανί (paní).
• From Proto-Albanian *pena-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to draw”).

Noun

pe m (plural penj, definite peri, definite plural penjtë)

1. thread

Derived terms

• pejzë

Etymology 2

From prej.(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

pe

1. Dialectal form of prej

Annobonese

Etymology

From Sãotomense pe (“father”), from Portuguese pai (“father”).

Noun

pe

1. father

References

• John H. McWhorter (2005) Defining Creole (in Annobonese)

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/, [pe̞]

Noun

pe inan

1. The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.

Declension

Declension of pe (inanimate, ending in vowel)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	pe	pea	peak
ergative	pek	peak	peek
dative	peri	peari	peei
genitive	peren	pearen	peen
comitative	perekin	pearekin	peekin
causative	perengatik	pearengatik	peengatik
benefactive	perentzat	pearentzat	peentzat
instrumental	pez	peaz	peez
inessive	petan	pean	peetan
locative	petako	peko	peetako
allative	petara	pera	peetara
terminative	petaraino	peraino	peetaraino
directive	petarantz	perantz	peetarantz
destinative	petarako	perako	peetarako
ablative	petatik	petik	peetatik
partitive	perik	—	—
prolative	petzat	—	—

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

Breton

Conjunction

pe

1. or

Adjective

pe (interrogative adjective)

1. which, what

Catalan

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -e

Noun

pe f (plural pes)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.
2. the Hebrew letter פ (final form ף)

Chrau

Numeral

pe

1. three

Dorig

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ᵐbe/

Noun

pe

1. water

References

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Fala

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpe/
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: pe

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese pee, from Latin pedem.

Noun

pe m (plural pes)

1. foot

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese pez, from Latin picem.

Noun

pe f (uncountable)

1. pitch, tar

Etymology 3

Probably borrowed from Spanish pez.

Alternative forms

• peci (Lagarteiru, Mañegu)

Noun

pe m (plural pecis)

1. (Valverdeñu) fish

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Noun

pe n (genitive singular pes, plural pe)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.

Declension

Declension of pe
n4	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pe	peið	pe	peini
accusative	pe	peið	pe	peini
dative	pe, pei	penum	peum	peunum
genitive	pes	pesins	pea	peanna

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø

Finnish

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of perjantai.

Pronunciation

As perjantai.

Noun

pe

1. Abbreviation of perjantai (“Friday”).

Etymology 2

From Biblical Hebrew פֵּא (pê).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpe(ː)/, [ˈpe̞(ː)]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification^(key): pe

Noun

pe

1. pe (seventeenth letter of the Hebrew and Phoenician scripts and the Northwest Semitic abjad)

Declension

Inflection of pe (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
nominative		pe	pet
genitive		pen	peiden peitten
partitive		petä	peitä
illative		pehen	peihin
		singular	plural
nominative		pe	pet
accusative	nom.	pe	pet
	gen.	pen
genitive		pen	peiden peitten
partitive		petä	peitä
inessive		pessä	peissä
elative		pestä	peistä
illative		pehen	peihin
adessive		pellä	peillä
ablative		peltä	peiltä
allative		pelle	peille
essive		penä	peinä
translative		peksi	peiksi
abessive		pettä	peittä
instructive		—	pein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of pe (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative peni peni accusative nom. peni peni gen. peni genitive peni peideni peitteni partitive petäni peitäni inessive pessäni peissäni elative pestäni peistäni illative peheni peihini adessive pelläni peilläni ablative peltäni peiltäni allative pelleni peilleni essive penäni peinäni translative pekseni peikseni abessive pettäni peittäni instructive — — comitative — peineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pesi pesi accusative nom. pesi pesi gen. pesi genitive pesi peidesi peittesi partitive petäsi peitäsi inessive pessäsi peissäsi elative pestäsi peistäsi illative pehesi peihisi adessive pelläsi peilläsi ablative peltäsi peiltäsi allative pellesi peillesi essive penäsi peinäsi translative peksesi peiksesi abessive pettäsi peittäsi instructive — — comitative — peinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pemme pemme accusative nom. pemme pemme gen. pemme genitive pemme peidemme peittemme partitive petämme peitämme inessive pessämme peissämme elative pestämme peistämme illative pehemme peihimme adessive pellämme peillämme ablative peltämme peiltämme allative pellemme peillemme essive penämme peinämme translative peksemme peiksemme abessive pettämme peittämme instructive — — comitative — peinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative penne penne accusative nom. penne penne gen. penne genitive penne peidenne peittenne partitive petänne peitänne inessive pessänne peissänne elative pestänne peistänne illative pehenne peihinne adessive pellänne peillänne ablative peltänne peiltänne allative pellenne peillenne essive penänne peinänne translative peksenne peiksenne abessive pettänne peittänne instructive — — comitative — peinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative pensä pensä accusative nom. pensä pensä gen. pensä genitive pensä peidensä peittensä partitive petään petänsä peitään peitänsä inessive pessään pessänsä peissään peissänsä elative pestään pestänsä peistään peistänsä illative pehensä peihinsä adessive pellään pellänsä peillään peillänsä ablative peltään peltänsä peiltään peiltänsä allative pelleen pellensä peilleen peillensä essive penään penänsä peinään peinänsä translative pekseen peksensä peikseen peiksensä abessive pettään pettänsä peittään peittänsä instructive — — comitative — peineen peinensä

Guaraní

Determiner

pe

1. that (near addressee)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology 1

From Portuguese pé.

Noun

pe

1. foot

Etymology 2

From Portuguese perna.

Noun

pe

1. leg

Etymology 3

From Portuguese pau.

Noun

pe

1. tree

Ido

Etymology

From p +‎ -e.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/, /pɛ/

Noun

pe (plural pe-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter P/p.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

Japanese

Romanization

pe

1. The hiragana syllable ぺ (pe) or the katakana syllable ペ (pe) in Hepburn romanization.

Javanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀih, from Proto-Austronesian *paʀiS.

Noun

pé (Javanese script ꦥꦺ)

1. ray (marine fish with a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail)

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paRiS”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /peː/, [peː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pe/, [pɛː]

Noun

pē f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

• “pe”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pe in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Ligurian

Etymology

From Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *peri, derived from the root *per- (“to go over”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/

Preposition

pe

1. for
2. to
3. through
4. in or on
5. by
6. with
7. as

pe + article	Combined form
pe + o	pe-o
pe + a	pe-a
pe + i	pe-i
pe + e	pe-e

Lote

Conjunction

pe

1. and

References

• Greg Pearson, René van den Berg, Lote Grammar Sketch (2008)

Mandarin

Romanization

pe

1. Nonstandard spelling of pē.
2. Nonstandard spelling of pê̄.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

Contraction of ape, from French après. Compare Haitian Creole ap.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/

Verb

pe (medial form pe)

1. (auxiliary) Used to indicate present progressive tense or the continuous tense in general.

Related terms

• ti pe

Mbiywom

Noun

pe

1. liver

References

• Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 411

Mbyá Guaraní

Postposition

pe

1. to, for (indicates a dative object)
2. indicates a causative object

   Ajapo uka mbojape xevy pe ha'i pe.

   I had my mother make me bread.

Mezquital Otomi

Noun

pe

1. biznaga, barrel cactus.

Middle English

Noun

pe

1. Alternative form of po

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin per.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/, (Naples) IPA^(key): /pə/

Preposition

pe

1. for

Nheengatu

Etymology

From Old Tupi pe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pe]

• Hyphenation: pe
• Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

pe

1. (second-class) second-person plural personal pronoun (you, your)

   Pe akanhemu peikú nhaãsé pe kirá peikú.

   You are scared because you are fat.

   Aintá uputari upitá pe irũmu.

   They want to stay with you.

   Pe manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

   Your mother enters the new house.

   • 2021, Marcel Twardowsky Ávila, Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 588:

     Te pe resarái masuí peyuri!

     Do not forget where you came from!

Usage notes

• As a second-class pronoun, pe is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun pe is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, pe is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

See also

Nheengatu personal pronouns

singular	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	ixé	se
second-person	indé	ne
third-person	aé	i
plural	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	yandé	yané
second-person	penhẽ	pe
third-person	aintá (or tá)	aintá (or tá)

References

• ÁVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 588
• NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 107

Occitan

Noun

pe f (plural pes)

1. pee (the letter p, P)

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin pedem, accusative of pes. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French pié.

Noun

pe m (oblique plural pes, nominative singular pes, nominative plural pe)

1. foot (anatomy)

Descendants

• Occitan: pè

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɛ/
• Rhymes: -ɛ

Postposition

pe

1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial limits.
   1. in, on, to.

References

• NAVARRO, E. A. Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil. São Paulo. Global. 2013.

Pacoh

Pacoh cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : pe     Ordinal : ape

Etymology

From Proto-Katuic *pɛɛ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *piʔ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɛː]

Numeral

pe

1. three

Pali

Particle

pe

1. Abbreviation of peyyāla.

Romanian

Alternative forms

• pă — Muntenia, informal
• pi — Moldavia (region)
• pre — archaic

Etymology

Inherited from Latin per, with meaning influenced by super.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e

Preposition

pe (+accusative)

1. on

   cartea este pe masă

   The book is on the table.

2. on (some time during the day of)

   A plecat spre Europa acum o săptămână, mai exact, pe zece mai.

   He left for Europe a week ago, that is, on the tenth of May.

3. (no lexical meaning) used to indicate direct object in some cases

   O aștept pe mama.

   I'm waiting on/for mom.

4. through an opening

   a îi ieși (cuiva) pe gură

   (of words) to come out (one’s) mouth

   a sări pe geam/fereastră ― to jump out the window

5. (with spatial prepositions or adverbs) approximately, thereabouts

   L-am văzut prima oară pe undeva pe aici.

   I first saw it somewhere around here.

   Hotelul e pe lângă gară.

   The hotel is somewhere near the station.

Usage notes

Pe takes the accusative case of nouns and is used as the marker for the direct object when said object is:

• a proper noun; the name of a person or animal
• a common noun referring to a specific person, generally known to both the speaker and listener
• a common noun acting as a metaphor for a person
• a common noun in a construction in which the subject and the direct object are the same noun and they precede the predicate

Pe is not used when the direct object is:

• a common noun designating inanimate objects or animals
• a common noun referring to an unspecified person

Related terms

• da jos
• pe jos
• peste
• pentru
• pre-

References

• pe in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Romansch

Alternative forms

• pei (Sursilvan)
• pè (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

From Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”), from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

Noun

pe m (plural pes or peis)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, anatomy) foot

Usage notes

In Rumantsch Grischun and Sutsilvan, the plural is pes. In Surmiran, however, it is peis.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpe/ [ˈpe]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: pe

Noun

pe f (plural pes)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.

Derived terms

• de pe a pa

 

Further reading

• “pe”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Sranan Tongo

Adverb

pe

1. (interrogative) where
2. (relative) where

Derived terms

• alape
• drape, dape
• nowanpe

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish pe, the Spanish name of the letter P/p.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈpe/ [ˈpɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: pe

Noun

pe (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒ)

1. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter P/p, in the Abecedario

   Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) pi, (in the Abakada alphabet) pa

Tocharian A

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Compare the nominative/accusative dual form, peṃ, presumably from Proto-Tocharian *peine du (whence also Tocharian B paine), from an earlier *pei, from the Proto-Indo-European *pódh₁e du, from *pṓds. It is from this dual form in Proto-Tocharian that the singular forms have probably been analogically built. Compare Tocharian B paiyye.

Noun

pe m

1. foot

Related terms

• peṃ

Tol

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/

Noun

pe

1. stone, rock

References

• Dennis, Ronald K., Dennis, Margaret Royce de (1983) Diccionario Tol (Jicaque)-Español y Español-Tol (Jicaque)‎^[3] (in Spanish), Tegucigalpa: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 28

Turkish

Noun

pe (definite accusative peyi, plural peler)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

Turkmen

Noun

pe (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.

Welsh

Etymology

From earlier bei (now bai), third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of bod.

The alternative form ped (whence counterfactual forms of bod such as petaswn and taswn) is perhaps from addition of the affirmative particle yd (compare nad and nid).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peː/, /pɛ/

Conjunction

pe

1. if (used with counterfactual conditionals, i.e., those that are impossible or considered very unlikely)

   Pe bawn i'n gyfoethog, teithiwn i o gwmpas y byd.

   If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

Usage notes

In the literary language, bod (“to be”) has special counterfactual forms that undergo univerbation with pe: petaswn (“if I had been”), petawn (“if I were”) etc. (see the conjugation table for all the forms).

In the colloquial language, the counterfactual forms taswn/bawn/tawn are written separately from pe, and pe can be omitted before them:

• (pe) taswn i’n ennill y loteri ― if I were to win the lottery

See also

• os (used with factual conditionals)

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe/

Preposition

pe

1. with, using

   natala pe peda da langalongi ne ― (you) cut this rope with a machete

   yakor te pe sosodik ― stir the tea with a spoon

2. (directional) to

   iwako pe de mai ― he threw a stone at me (literally, “he threw to me (a) stone”)

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[4], Pacific linguistics

Yoruba

Alternative forms

• پعِ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k͡pè/

Verb

pè

1. (transitive, intransitive) to call, to pronounce, to summon, to invoke (an orisha)

   Synonym: ké

2. (transitive) to tag someone or something

Derived terms

• polówó (“to advertise”)
• pípè (“calling, summoning”)
• èpè (“curse”)
• ìpè (“call, summon, invocation”)

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k͡pé/

Verb

pé

1. (transitive, intransitive) to assemble, to congregate

Derived terms

• péjọ (“to congregate”)
• ìpé (“public gathering”)
• péjú pésẹ̀ (“to gather; to assemble”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k͡pé/

Verb

pé

1. to be correct, to be complete in degree or quantity
2. to be enough
3. (idiomatic) to be sane, to be intelligent, to be sharp (of the mind); (literally - "to have a complete or correct mind")

Derived terms

• orí-pípé (“sanity”)
• pépérépéré

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k͡pé/

Verb

pé

1. to say something

   Synonym: ní

Usage notes

• An overlaid function for the conjunction pé (Etymology 5) whenever a verb of utterance is missing, it is always followed by kí.

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k͡pé/

Conjunction

pé

1. that

Usage notes

• In modern linguistics, the term has also been categorized as a complementizer

Related terms

• kí

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k͡pé/

Verb

pé

1. to become rewarding or profitable for someone

   ọjà náà pé mi dáadáa ― The market goods were very profitable for me

Zou

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe˧/

Verb

pe

1. (intransitive) to kick

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40