γυμνάσιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From the stem of γυμνάζω (gumnázō, “to exercise”), from γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”), and -ιον (-ion), neuter of adjective suffix -ιος (-ios).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡym.ná.si.on/ → /ʝymˈna.si.on/ → /ʝimˈna.si.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡym.ná.si.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡymˈna.si.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ʝymˈna.si.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ʝymˈna.si.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ʝimˈna.si.on/

Noun

γῠμνᾰ́σιον • (gumnásion) n (genitive γῠμνᾰσίου); second declension

1. (in the plural) bodily exercises
2. gymnastic school, school

Declension

Second declension of τὸ γῠμνᾰ́σῐον; τοῦ γῠμνᾰσῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ γῠμνᾰ́σῐον tò gumnásion	τὼ γῠμνᾰσῐ́ω tṑ gumnasíō	τᾰ̀ γῠμνᾰ́σῐᾰ tà gumnásia
Genitive	τοῦ γῠμνᾰσῐ́ου toû gumnasíou	τοῖν γῠμνᾰσῐ́οιν toîn gumnasíoin	τῶν γῠμνᾰσῐ́ων tôn gumnasíōn
Dative	τῷ γῠμνᾰσῐ́ῳ tôi gumnasíōi	τοῖν γῠμνᾰσῐ́οιν toîn gumnasíoin	τοῖς γῠμνᾰσῐ́οις toîs gumnasíois
Accusative	τὸ γῠμνᾰ́σῐον tò gumnásion	τὼ γῠμνᾰσῐ́ω tṑ gumnasíō	τᾰ̀ γῠμνᾰ́σῐᾰ tà gumnásia
Vocative	γῠμνᾰ́σῐον gumnásion	γῠμνᾰσῐ́ω gumnasíō	γῠμνᾰ́σῐᾰ gumnásia
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: γυμνάσιο (gymnásio)
• → Latin: gymnasium (see there for further descendants)
  • → English: gymnasium

Further reading

• “γυμνάσιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γυμνάσιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• γυμνάσιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γυμνάσιον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “γυμνάσιον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • gymnasium idem, page 380.
  • training school idem, page 887.