δράω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editApparently from Proto-Hellenic *dráwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dréwh₂-eti (“to run, act”), which seems like an extension of *dreh₂- (“to run”), and cognate with Sanskrit द्राति (drā́ti, “to run”), द्रवति (drávati, “id”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
However, Beekes does not mention the aforementioned derivation, and instead mentions a connection with Lithuanian darýti (“to make, do”). Though the Lithuanian is a strong semantic match, it is generally thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”) and thus related to Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “dharma, morality”), phonetically precluding a relation with the Greek.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /drá.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈdra.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈðra.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈðra.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈðra.o/
Verb
editδρᾰ́ω • (dráō)
- to act, to take action, to achieve
Inflection
edit Present: δρᾰ́ω, δρᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | δρᾰ́ω | δρᾰ́εις | δρᾰ́ει | δρᾰ́ετον | δρᾰ́ετον | δρᾰ́ομεν | δρᾰ́ετε | δρᾰ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | δρᾰ́ω | δρᾰ́ῃς | δρᾰ́ῃ | δρᾰ́ητον | δρᾰ́ητον | δρᾰ́ωμεν | δρᾰ́ητε | δρᾰ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | δρᾰ́οιμῐ | δρᾰ́οις | δρᾰ́οι | δρᾰ́οιτον | δρᾰοίτην | δρᾰ́οιμεν | δρᾰ́οιτε | δρᾰ́οιεν | |||||
imperative | δρά | δρᾰέτω | δρᾰ́ετον | δρᾰέτων | δρᾰ́ετε | δρᾰόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | δρᾰ́ομαι | δρᾰ́ῃ, δρᾰ́ει |
δρᾰ́εται | δρᾰ́εσθον | δρᾰ́εσθον | δρᾰόμεθᾰ | δρᾰ́εσθε | δρᾰ́ονται | ||||
subjunctive | δρᾰ́ωμαι | δρᾰ́ῃ | δρᾰ́ηται | δρᾰ́ησθον | δρᾰ́ησθον | δρᾰώμεθᾰ | δρᾰ́ησθε | δρᾰ́ωνται | |||||
optative | δρᾰοίμην | δρᾰ́οιο | δρᾰ́οιτο | δρᾰ́οισθον | δρᾰοίσθην | δρᾰοίμεθᾰ | δρᾰ́οισθε | δρᾰ́οιντο | |||||
imperative | δρᾰ́ου | δρᾰέσθω | δρᾰ́εσθον | δρᾰέσθων | δρᾰ́εσθε | δρᾰέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | δρᾰ́ειν | δρᾰ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | δρᾰ́ων | δρᾰόμενος | ||||||||||
f | δρᾰ́ουσᾰ | δρᾰομένη | |||||||||||
n | δρᾰ́ον | δρᾰόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | δρῶ | δρᾷς | δρᾷ | δρᾶτον | δρᾶτον | δρῶμεν | δρᾶτε | δρῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | δρῶ | δρᾷς | δρᾷ | δρᾶτον | δρᾶτον | δρῶμεν | δρᾶτε | δρῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | δρῴην, δρῷμῐ |
δρῴης, δρῷς |
δρῴη, δρῷ |
δρῷτον, δρῴητον |
δρῴτην, δρῳήτην |
δρῷμεν, δρῴημεν |
δρῷτε, δρῴητε |
δρῷεν, δρῴησᾰν | |||||
imperative | δρά | δρᾱ́τω | δρᾶτον | δρᾱ́των | δρᾶτε | δρώντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | δρῶμαι | δρᾷ | δρᾶται | δρᾶσθον | δρᾶσθον | δρώμεθᾰ | δρᾶσθε | δρῶνται | ||||
subjunctive | δρῶμαι | δρᾷ | δρᾶται | δρᾶσθον | δρᾶσθον | δρώμεθᾰ | δρᾶσθε | δρῶνται | |||||
optative | δρῴμην | δρῷο | δρῷτο | δρῷσθον | δρῴσθην | δρῴμεθᾰ | δρῷσθε | δρῷντο | |||||
imperative | δρῶ | δρᾱ́σθω | δρᾶσθον | δρᾱ́σθων | δρᾶσθε | δρᾱ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | δρᾶν | δρᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | δρῶν | δρώμενος | ||||||||||
f | δρῶσᾰ | δρωμένη | |||||||||||
n | δρῶν | δρώμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔδρᾰον | ἔδρᾰες | ἔδρᾰε(ν) | ἐδρᾰ́ετον | ἐδρᾰέτην | ἐδρᾰ́ομεν | ἐδρᾰ́ετε | ἔδρᾰον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐδρᾰόμην | ἐδρᾰ́ου | ἐδρᾰ́ετο | ἐδρᾰ́εσθον | ἐδρᾰέσθην | ἐδρᾰόμεθᾰ | ἐδρᾰ́εσθε | ἐδρᾰ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔδρων | ἔδρᾱς | ἔδρᾱ | ἐδρᾶτον | ἐδρᾱ́την | ἐδρῶμεν | ἐδρᾶτε | ἔδρων | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐδρώμην | ἐδρῶ | ἐδρᾶτο | ἐδρᾶσθον | ἐδρᾱ́σθην | ἐδρώμεθᾰ | ἐδρᾶσθε | ἐδρῶντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐδεδρᾱ́κειν, ἐδεδρᾱ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐδεδρᾱ́κειν, ἐδεδρᾱ́κη |
ἐδεδρᾱ́κεις, ἐδεδρᾱ́κης |
ἐδεδρᾱ́κει(ν) | ἐδεδρᾱ́κετον | ἐδεδρᾱκέτην | ἐδεδρᾱ́κεμεν | ἐδεδρᾱ́κετε | ἐδεδρᾱ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐδεδρᾱ́μην | ἐδέδρᾱσο | ἐδέδρᾱτο | ἐδέδρᾱσθον | ἐδεδρᾱ́σθην | ἐδεδρᾱ́μεθᾰ | ἐδέδρᾱσθε | ἐδέδρᾱντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δρᾰ́ω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 352-3
Further reading
edit- “δράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “δράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “δράω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- δράω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- δράω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- δράω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “drama”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms