εὐθύς

See also: ευθύς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ῑ̓θῠ́ς (īthŭ́s) — Ionic, Epic

Etymology

Andreas Willi derives it from Proto-Indo-European *Hyewdʰ-dh-ú-s, from the root *Hyewdʰ- (“become straight”, in most other formations > "targeted motion, assault"); he explains ῑ̓θύς (īthús) by dissimilation (>*eithús) and metaphony (> īthús). Possibly connected to εἶθᾰρ (eîthăr, “at once, immediately”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /eu̯.tʰýs/ → /eɸˈθys/ → /efˈθis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /eu̯.tʰýs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ewˈtʰys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eɸˈθys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /efˈθys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /efˈθis/

Adjective

εὐθῠ́ς • (euthŭ́s) m (feminine εὐθεῖᾰ, neuter εὐθῠ́); first/third declension

1. straight, direct
   1. (in a moral sense) straightforward, open, frank

Inflection

First and third declension of εὐθῠ́ς; εὐθεῖᾰ; εὐθῠ́ (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		εὐθῠ́ς euthŭ́s	εὐθεῖᾰ eutheîă	εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́		εὐθέε euthée	εὐθείᾱ eutheíā	εὐθέε euthée		εὐθεῖς eutheîs	εὐθεῖαι eutheîai	εὐθέᾰ euthéă
Genitive		εὐθέος euthéos	εὐθείᾱς eutheíās	εὐθέος euthéos		εὐθέοιν euthéoin	εὐθείαιν eutheíain	εὐθέοιν euthéoin		εὐθέων euthéōn	εὐθειῶν eutheiôn	εὐθέων euthéōn
Dative		εὐθεῖ eutheî	εὐθείᾳ eutheíāi	εὐθεῖ eutheî		εὐθέοιν euthéoin	εὐθείαιν eutheíain	εὐθέοιν euthéoin		εὐθέσῐ / εὐθέσῐν euthésĭ(n)	εὐθείαις eutheíais	εὐθέσῐ / εὐθέσῐν euthésĭ(n)
Accusative		εὐθῠ́ν euthŭ́n	εὐθεῖᾰν eutheîăn	εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́		εὐθέε euthée	εὐθείᾱ eutheíā	εὐθέε euthée		εὐθεῖς eutheîs	εὐθείᾱς eutheíās	εὐθέᾰ euthéă
Vocative		εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́	εὐθεῖᾰ eutheîă	εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́		εὐθέε euthée	εὐθείᾱ eutheíā	εὐθέε euthée		εὐθεῖς eutheîs	εὐθεῖαι eutheîai	εὐθέᾰ euthéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		εὐθέως euthéōs				εὐθῠ́τερος euthŭ́teros				εὐθῠ́τᾰτος euthŭ́tătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Εὐθυκλῆς (Euthuklês)
• εὐθύτης (euthútēs)

Descendants

• Greek: ευθύς (efthýs)

Adverb

εὐθῠ́ς • (euthŭ́s)

1. (of place) straight
   1. simply
   2. in the face of
2. (of time) straightaway, forthwith, at once
   1. (of manner) directly, simply

Usage notes

In adverbial usage, typically the masculine form (εὐθῠ́ς (euthŭ́s)) is used for time, while the neuter (εὐθῠ́ (euthŭ́)) is used for place.

Further reading

• “εὐθύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “εὐθύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “εὐθύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• εὐθύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “εὐθύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2117 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • anon idem, page 31.
  • at idem, page 48.
  • direct idem, page 226.
  • directly idem, page 226.
  • downright idem, page 249.
  • glance idem, page 361.
  • immediately idem, page 417.
  • instantly idem, page 446.
  • minute idem, page 532.
  • moment idem, page 538.
  • promptly idem, page 653.
  • right idem, page 714.
  • straight idem, page 822.
  • straightforward idem, page 822.
  • straightway idem, page 822.
  • to idem, page 878.
  • towards idem, page 884.
• Willi, Andreas (2001) “Lateinisch iubēre, griechisch εὐϑύς und ein indogermanisches Rechtskonzept”, in Historische Sprachforschung‎^[2] (in German), volume 114, number 1. H., pages 117–146