κέλευθος
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editProbably from the same root as κέλομαι (kélomai) and κελεύω (keleúō, “to urge, command”); however, the -θ- is difficult to explain morphologically. If so, then cognate with Lithuanian kẽlias and Latvian ceļš (“road, way”) and with Albanian kaloj (“to pass, walk by”). Older theories attempted to connect the word to the root *ἐλεύθ- (*eleúth-) (for which see *ἐλεύθω (*eleúthō, “Ι come”) for more) in order to explain the -θ-; however, the initial κ- then becomes unexplained.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ké.leu̯.tʰos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈke.lew.tʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈce.leɸ.θos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈce.lef.θos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈce.lef.θos/
Noun
editκέλευθος • (kéleuthos) f (genitive κελεύθου); second declension; plural usually neuter κέλευθᾰ
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | κέλευθος kéleuthos |
κελεύθω keleúthō |
κέλευθοι kéleuthoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | κελεύθου / κελευθοῖο / κελεύθοιο / κελευθόο / κελεύθοο keleúthou / keleuthoîo / keleúthoio / keleuthóo / keleúthoo |
κελεύθοιῐν keleúthoiin |
κελεύθων keleúthōn | ||||||||||
Dative | κελεύθῳ keleúthōi |
κελεύθοιῐν keleúthoiin |
κελεύθοισῐ / κελεύθοισῐν / κελεύθοις keleúthoisi(n) / keleúthois | ||||||||||
Accusative | κέλευθον kéleuthon |
κελεύθω keleúthō |
κελεύθους keleúthous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κέλευθε kéleuthe |
κελεύθω keleúthō |
κέλευθοι kéleuthoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ κέλευθος hē kéleuthos |
τὼ κελεύθω tṑ keleúthō |
αἱ κέλευθοι hai kéleuthoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς κελεύθου tês keleúthou |
τοῖν κελεύθοιν toîn keleúthoin |
τῶν κελεύθων tôn keleúthōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ κελεύθῳ têi keleúthōi |
τοῖν κελεύθοιν toîn keleúthoin |
ταῖς κελεύθοις taîs keleúthois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν κέλευθον tḕn kéleuthon |
τὼ κελεύθω tṑ keleúthō |
τᾱ̀ς κελεύθους tā̀s keleúthous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κέλευθε kéleuthe |
κελεύθω keleúthō |
κέλευθοι kéleuthoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
- Neuter plural forms
Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | κέλευθᾰ kéleutha | ||||||||||||
Genitive | κελεύθων keleúthōn | ||||||||||||
Dative | κελεύθοισῐ / κελεύθοισῐν / κελεύθοις keleúthoisi(n) / keleúthois | ||||||||||||
Accusative | κέλευθᾰ kéleutha | ||||||||||||
Vocative | κέλευθᾰ kéleutha | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τᾰ̀ κέλευθᾰ tà kéleutha | ||||||||||||
Genitive | τῶν κελεύθων tôn keleúthōn | ||||||||||||
Dative | τοῖς κελεύθοις toîs keleúthois | ||||||||||||
Accusative | τᾰ̀ κέλευθᾰ tà kéleutha | ||||||||||||
Vocative | κέλευθᾰ kéleutha | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
edit- ἱπποκέλευθος (hippokéleuthos)
Related terms
edit- ἀκόλουθος (akólouthos)
References
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κέλευθος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 668-9
Further reading
edit- “κέλευθος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κέλευθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κέλευθος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κέλευθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.