πινυτός
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
edit- πνυτός (pnutós)
Etymology
editThe relation between the relevant forms has not been satisfactorily explained thus far. Older explanations take this word to have somehow developed out of a full grade form *penu-, with ε raised to ι, so as to connect the word with Latin putō (“to prune; esteem, consider”) and Proto-Slavic *pytati (“to ask, examine”), both from Proto-Indo-European *pew-. However, these attempts must be rejected for a number of reasons. First, a form *penu- is not attested; secondly, the change ε/ι is not systematic; third, the alternative form πνυτός (pnutós) is unexpected. The last variation is, however, known from Pre-Greek, and must reflect the varying rendering of a palatalized cluster. The etymon has nothing to do with πνέω (pnéō, “to breathe”).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pi.ny.tós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /pi.niˈtos/
Adjective
editπῐνῠτός • (pinutós) m (feminine πῐνῠτή, neuter πῐνῠτόν); first/second declension
Inflection
editNumber | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | πῐνῠτός pinutós |
πῐνῠτή pinutḗ |
πῐνῠτόν pinutón |
πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ |
πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́ |
πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ |
πῐνῠτοί pinutoí |
πῐνῠταί pinutaí |
πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá | |||||
Genitive | πῐνῠτοῦ pinutoû |
πῐνῠτῆς pinutês |
πῐνῠτοῦ pinutoû |
πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn |
πῐνῠταῖν pinutaîn |
πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn |
πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn |
πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn |
πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn | |||||
Dative | πῐνῠτῷ pinutôi |
πῐνῠτῇ pinutêi |
πῐνῠτῷ pinutôi |
πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn |
πῐνῠταῖν pinutaîn |
πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn |
πῐνῠτοῖς pinutoîs |
πῐνῠταῖς pinutaîs |
πῐνῠτοῖς pinutoîs | |||||
Accusative | πῐνῠτόν pinutón |
πῐνῠτήν pinutḗn |
πῐνῠτόν pinutón |
πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ |
πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́ |
πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ |
πῐνῠτούς pinutoús |
πῐνῠτᾱ́ς pinutā́s |
πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá | |||||
Vocative | πῐνῠτέ pinuté |
πῐνῠτή pinutḗ |
πῐνῠτόν pinutón |
πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ |
πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́ |
πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ |
πῐνῠτοί pinutoí |
πῐνῠταί pinutaí |
πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
πῐνῠτῶς pinutôs |
πῐνῠτώτερος pinutṓteros |
πῐνῠτώτᾰτος pinutṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “πινυτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πινυτός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πινυτός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πινυτός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πινυτός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN