σπάρτον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σπάρτη (spártē), σπάρτος (spártos)

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *sper-to, from *sper- (“to twist, turn”) and so cognate with σπεῖρα (speîra, “coil, twist”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /spár.ton/ → /ˈspar.ton/ → /ˈspar.ton/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /spár.ton/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈspar.ton/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈspar.ton/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈspar.ton/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈspar.ton/

Noun

σπᾰ́ρτον • (spárton) n (genitive σπᾰ́ρτου); second declension

1. rope, cable
2. measuring cord
3. thread
4. esparto (Stipa tenacissima)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ σπᾰ́ρτον; τοῦ σπᾰ́ρτου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σπᾰ́ρτον tò spárton	τὼ σπᾰ́ρτω tṑ spártō	τᾰ̀ σπᾰ́ρτᾰ tà spárta
Genitive	τοῦ σπᾰ́ρτου toû spártou	τοῖν σπᾰ́ρτοιν toîn spártoin	τῶν σπᾰ́ρτων tôn spártōn
Dative	τῷ σπᾰ́ρτῳ tôi spártōi	τοῖν σπᾰ́ρτοιν toîn spártoin	τοῖς σπᾰ́ρτοις toîs spártois
Accusative	τὸ σπᾰ́ρτον tò spárton	τὼ σπᾰ́ρτω tṑ spártō	τᾰ̀ σπᾰ́ρτᾰ tà spárta
Vocative	σπᾰ́ρτον spárton	σπᾰ́ρτω spártō	σπᾰ́ρτᾰ spárta
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of τὸ σπἆρτον; τοῦ σπᾱ̓́ρτω (Laconian)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σπἆρτον tò spârton	τὼ σπᾱ̓́ρτω tṑ spā́rtō	τᾰ̀ σπἆρτᾰ tà spârta
Genitive	τοῦ σπᾱ̓́ρτω toû spā́rtō	τοῖν σπᾱ̓́ρτοιν toîn spā́rtoin	τῶν σπᾱ̓́ρτων tôn spā́rtōn
Dative	τῷ σπᾱ̓́ρτῳ tôi spā́rtōi	τοῖν σπᾱ̓́ρτοιν toîn spā́rtoin	τοῖς σπᾱ̓́ρτοις toîs spā́rtois
Accusative	τὸ σπἆρτον tò spârton	τὼ σπᾱ̓́ρτω tṑ spā́rtō	τᾰ̀ σπᾱ̓́ρτως tà spā́rtōs
Vocative	σπἆρτον spârton	σπᾱ̓́ρτω spā́rtō	σπἆρτᾰ spârta
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• λινόσπαρτον (linósparton)
• σπαρταγενής (spartagenḗs)
• σπαρτικός (spartikós)
• σπαρτίνη (spartínē)
• σπάρτινος (spártinos)
• σπαρτίον (spartíon)
• σπαρτόδετος (spartódetos)
• σπαρτομέταξα (spartométaxa)
• σπαρτοπλόκος (spartoplókos)
• σπαρτοπόλιος (spartopólios)
• σπαρτοπώλης (spartopṓlēs)
• σπαρτότονος (spartótonos)
• σπαρτοφόρος (spartophóros)

 

Descendants

• → Latin: spartum
  • Spanish: esparto
    • → English: esparto

Further reading

• “σπάρτον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “σπάρτον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• σπάρτον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN