στύραξ

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /stý.raks/ → /ˈsty.raks/ → /ˈsti.raks/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stý.raks/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsty.raks/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsty.raks/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsty.raks/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsti.raks/

Etymology 1

Probably of Semitic origin, because this resin was introduced by the Phoenicians.

Noun

στύραξ • (stúrax) m (genitive στύρᾰκος); third declension

1. storax tree (Styrax officinalis)
2. resin produced by this tree

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ στύρᾰξ; τοῦ στύρᾰκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ στύρᾰξ ho stúrax	τὼ στύρᾰκε tṑ stúrake	οἱ στύρᾰκες hoi stúrakes
Genitive	τοῦ στύρᾰκος toû stúrakos	τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν toîn sturákoin	τῶν στυρᾰ́κων tôn sturákōn
Dative	τῷ στύρᾰκῐ tôi stúraki	τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν toîn sturákoin	τοῖς στύρᾰξῐ / στύρᾰξῐν toîs stúraxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν στύρᾰκᾰ tòn stúraka	τὼ στύρᾰκε tṑ stúrake	τοὺς στύρᾰκᾰς toùs stúrakas
Vocative	στύρᾰξ stúrax	στύρᾰκε stúrake	στύρᾰκες stúrakes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• στυρακᾶτον (sturakâton)
• στυρακίζω (sturakízō)
• στυράκινος (sturákinos)

 

Descendants

• → Latin: styrax
• → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܛܘܪܩܐ, ܐܣܛܘܪܟܐ, ܣܛܘܪܟܐ (sṭurkā, ʾesṭurkā, ʾesṭurqā)
• → Old Georgian: სტჳრაკი (sṭwiraḳi)

Etymology 2

The formation is like κάμαξ (kámax) and χάραξ (khárax). According to Beekes, it's either from the name of the tree or from Pre-Greek.

Noun

στύραξ • (stúrax) m (genitive στύρᾰκος); third declension

1. spike at the lower end of a spear shaft

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ στύρᾰξ; τοῦ στύρᾰκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ στύρᾰξ ho stúrax	τὼ στύρᾰκε tṑ stúrake	οἱ στύρᾰκες hoi stúrakes
Genitive	τοῦ στύρᾰκος toû stúrakos	τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν toîn sturákoin	τῶν στυρᾰ́κων tôn sturákōn
Dative	τῷ στύρᾰκῐ tôi stúraki	τοῖν στυρᾰ́κοιν toîn sturákoin	τοῖς στύρᾰξῐ / στύρᾰξῐν toîs stúraxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν στύρᾰκᾰ tòn stúraka	τὼ στύρᾰκε tṑ stúrake	τοὺς στύρᾰκᾰς toùs stúrakas
Vocative	στύρᾰξ stúrax	στύρᾰκε stúrake	στύρᾰκες stúrakes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• στυράκιον (sturákion)

Further reading

• “στύραξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• στύραξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 388–395