σύμφωνον

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sým.pʰɔː.non/ → /ˈsym.ɸo.non/ → /ˈsim.fo.non/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sým.pʰɔː.non/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsym.pʰo.non/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsym.ɸo.non/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsym.fo.non/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsim.fo.non/

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

σύμφωνον • (súmphōnon)

1. inflection of σύμφωνος (súmphōnos):
   1. masculine/feminine accusative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular

Etymology 2

Nominalisation of the adjective, by ellipsis of σύμφωνον γράμμα (súmphōnon grámma, “consonant [letter]”).

Noun

σύμφωνον • (súmphōnon) n (genitive συμφώνου); second declension (Koine)

1. (grammar) consonant
   • 170 BCE – 90 BCE, Dionysius Thrax, Art of Grammar 6.On the Sound:

     σύμφονα δὲ τὰ λοιπὰ ἑπτακαίδεκα· β γ δ ζ θ κ λ μ ν ξ π ρ σ τ φ χ ψ. σύμφοναι δὲ [λέγονται], ὅτι αὐτὰ μὲν καθ’ ἑαυτὰ φωνὴν οὐκ ἔχει, συντασσόμενα δὲ μετὰ τῶν φωνηέντων φωνὴν ἀποτελεῖ.

     súmphona dè tà loipà heptakaídeka; b g d z th k l m n x p r s t ph kh ps. súmphonai dè [légontai], hóti autà mèn kath’ heautà phōnḕn ouk ékhei, suntassómena dè metà tôn phōnēéntōn phōnḕn apoteleî.

     The remaining seventeen are consonants: β γ δ ζ θ κ λ μ ν ξ π ρ σ τ φ χ ψ. They are called consonants because they do not have a sound on their own, but, when arranged with vowels, they produce a sound.

Declension

Second declension of τὸ σύμφωνον; τοῦ συμφώνου (Koine)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σύμφωνον tò súmphōnon	τὼ συμφώνω tṑ sumphṓnō	τᾰ̀ σύμφωνᾰ tà súmphōna
Genitive	τοῦ συμφώνου toû sumphṓnou	τοῖν συμφώνοιν toîn sumphṓnoin	τῶν συμφώνων tôn sumphṓnōn
Dative	τῷ συμφώνῳ tôi sumphṓnōi	τοῖν συμφώνοιν toîn sumphṓnoin	τοῖς συμφώνοις toîs sumphṓnois
Accusative	τὸ σύμφωνον tò súmphōnon	τὼ συμφώνω tṑ sumphṓnō	τᾰ̀ σύμφωνᾰ tà súmphōna
Vocative	σύμφωνον súmphōnon	συμφώνω sumphṓnō	σύμφωνᾰ súmphōna

Coordinate terms

• φωνῆεν (phōnêen, “vowel”)

Descendants

• Greek: σύμφωνο (sýmfono)
• → Latin: cōnsonāns (calque)
• → Czech: souhláska (calque)
• → Russian: согласный (soglasnyj) (calque)