тодыны

Udmurt

Alternative forms

• тодөнө (todånå) — Beserman

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *tɔ̇dni, from Proto-Uralic *tumte-. Cognates include Finnish tuntea and Hungarian tud.

Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian тӧдны (tödny) and Komi-Yazva тӧднө (tödnå).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [todɯ̈ˈnɯ̈]
• Rhymes: -ɯ̈
• Hyphenation: то‧ды‧ны

Verb

тодыны • (todyny)

1. to know

   нокин но уг тоды

   nokin no ug tody

   nobody knows

2. to get to know, to learn

Conjugation

Non-finite conjugation of тодыны — first conjugation (see the appendix)

			Affirmative	Caritive
Infinitive			тодыны (todyny)	–
Gerund	Past participle	Instrumental1	тодэмен (todemen)	тодэмтэен (todemtejen)
		Elative	тодэмысь (todemyś)	тодэмтэысь (todemteyś)
	Basic		тодса (todsa)	тодтэк (todtek)
	Temporal		тодку (todku)	–
	Fourth		тодтозь (todtoź)	–
Participles	Present		тодӥсь (todiś)	тодӥсьтэм (todiśtem)
	Past		тодэм (todem)	тодэмтэ (todemte)
	Future		тодоно (todono)	тодонтэм (todontem)
Deverbal			тодон (todon)	–
1Instrumental past participle gerund are preferred in literary Udmurt.

Finite conjugation of тодыны — first conjugation (see the appendix)

Person			Singular			Plural
			1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Positive	Present		тодӥсько (todiśko)	тодӥськод (todiśkod)	тодэ (tode)	тодӥськомы (todiśkomy)	тодӥськоды (todiśkody)	тодо (todo)
	Future		тодо (todo)	тодод (todod)	тодоз (todoz)	тодомы (todomy)	тододы (todody)	тодозы (todozy)
	Past	Preterite I	тодэ (tode)	тодэд (toded)	тодэз (todez)	тодэм (todem), тодэмы (todemy)	тодэды (todedy)	тодэзы (todezy)
		Preterite II	тодӥськем (todiśkem)	тодэмэд (todemed)	тодэм (todem)	тодӥськеммы (todiśkemmy)	тодӥллямды (todilľamdy)	тодӥллям (todilľam), тодӥллямзы (todilľamzy)
	Conditional		тодсал (todsal)	тодсалыд (todsalyd)	тодсал (todsal), тодсалыз (todsalyz)	тодсалмы (todsalmy)	тодсалды (todsaldy)	тодсалзы (todsalzy)
	Imperative		–	тод (tod)	–	–	тодэ (tode), тодэлэ (todele)	–
	Auxiliary	Pluperfect I	preterite I of тодыны + вал (val)
		Pluperfect II	third person singular preterite II of тодыны + possessive suffixes + вал (val), or preterite II of тодыны + вылэм (vylem)
		Durative preterite	present of тодыны + вал (val)/вылэм (vylem)
		Frequentative preterite	future of тодыны + вал (val)/вылэм (vylem)
Negative	Present		уг тодӥськы	уд тодӥськы	уг тоды	ум тодӥськэ	уд тодӥськэ	уг тодо
	Future		уг тод, тоды	уд тод, тоды	уз тод, тоды	ум тодэ	уд тодэ	уз тодэ
	Past	Preterite I	ӧй тоды	ӧд тоды	ӧз тоды	ӧм тодэ	ӧд тодэ	ӧз тодэ
		Preterite II	тодӥськымтэе (todiśkymteje)	тодымтэед (todymtejed)	тодымтэ (todymte)	тодӥськымтэмы (todiśkymtemy)	тодӥллямтэды (todilľamtedy)	тодэллямтэ (todelľamte)
			ӧвӧл тодэ (tode)	ӧвӧл тодэд (toded)	ӧвӧл тодэз (todez)	ӧвӧл тодэм (todem), тодэмы (todemy)	ӧвӧл тодэды (todedy)	ӧвӧл тодэзы (todezy)
	Conditional		ӧй (öj) + positive conditional of тодыны
	Imperative		эн (en) + positive imperative of тодыны
	Auxiliary	Pluperfect I	negative preterite I of тодыны + вал (val)
		Pluperfect II	third person positive singular preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- (-mte-) + possessive suffixes + вал (val), or positive preterite II of тодыны + -мтэ- (-mte-) + вылэм (vylem)
		Durative preterite	уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive durative preterite of тодыны
		Frequentative preterite	уг/уд/уг/ум/уд/уг + positive frequentative preterite of тодыны

Derived terms

nouns

• тодос (todos)

 

References

• L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “тодыны”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 645
• T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 72
• Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 264