שקד

See also: ש־ קד

Hebrew

שקד

Etymology

Root
שׁ־ק־ד (sh-q-d)

The almond-name is akin to Phoenician 𐤔𐤒𐤃 (šqd, “almond; almond-tree”), Ugaritic 𐎘𐎖𐎄 (ṯqd, “almond; almond-tree”), Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic שִׁגּדּא (šigdā), Classical Syriac ܫܓܕܐ (šegdā, “almond”, collective), only Hebraized שִׁקְדּא (šiqdā) and ܫܩܕܐ (šeqdā), Aramaic-borrowed Ge'ez ስግድ (səgd), ስጋድ (səgad, “almond tree; nut tree in general”), Tigrinya ሰገድ (sägäd), Amharic ሰገድ (säggäd, “Pavetta abyssinica”), and Akkadian 𒄑𒇵 (šiqdum, “almond tree, nut as well as wood”, collective), which in Neo-Assyrian bears the form 𒄑𒂁𒁺 (^GIŠduk-du /⁠duqdu, dukdu⁠/), seemingly from a substrate of the region, where it is native.

Pronunciation

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Noun

שָׁקֵד • (šāqḗḏ) m (plural indefinite שְׁקֵדִים, singular construct שְׁקֵד־, plural construct שְׁקֵדֵי־)

1. almond (tree and nut)
   • Tanach, Jeremiah 1:11, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַיְהִ֤י דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֔ר מָה־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ וָאֹמַ֕ר מַקֵּ֥ל שָׁקֵ֖ד אֲנִ֥י רֹאֶֽה׃

     Va-yhí d'var Adonái elái leimór: mah atáh ro'éh, Yirmiyáhu? Va-omár, maqél shaqéd aní ro'éh.

     Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying: ‘Jeremiah, what seest thou?’ And I said: ‘I see a rod of an almond-tree.’

   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Ma'aserot 1:4:

     הַחַיָּב בַּשְּׁקֵדִים הַמָּרִים, פָּטוּר בַּמְּתוּקִים, הַחַיָּב בַּמְּתוּקִים, פָּטוּר בַּמָּרִים:

     Ha-ḥayyáv ba-shqedím ha-marím, paṭúr ba-mtuqím; ha-ḥayyav ba-mtuqím, paṭúr ba-marím.

     When bitter almonds are taxable, sweet ones are exempt; when sweet ones are taxable, bitter ones are exempt.

2. tonsil

Derived terms

• שקדי מרק

Verb

שָׁקַד • (šāqáḏ) (pa'al construction)

1. to work diligently, to labor, to strive, to carefully do
   • Tanach, Proverbs 8:34, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי אָדָם֮ שֹׁמֵ֪עַֽ֫ לִ֥י לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי׃

     Ashréi adám shoméa' li, lishqód al daltotái yom yom, lishmór m'zuzót p'taḥi.

     Happy is the man that hearkeneth to me, Watching daily at my gates, waiting at the posts of my doors.

   • Tanach, Jeremiah 1:12, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י הֵיטַ֣בְתָּ לִרְא֑וֹת כִּֽי־שֹׁקֵ֥ד אֲנִ֛י עַל־דְּבָרִ֖י לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ׃

     Va-yómer Adonái elái: Heiṭávta lir'ót ki shoqéd aní al dvarái la'asotó.

     The LORD said to me: You have seen right, For I am watchful to bring My word to pass.

2. to watch

Conjugation

Conjugation of שָׁקַד (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 

non-finite forms		to-infinitive: לשקוד / לִשְׁקֹד action noun: שְׁקִידָה passive participle: שָׁקוּד
finite forms		singular		plural
		m.	f.	m.	f.
past	first	שָׁקַדְתִּי		שָׁקַדְנוּ
	second	שָׁקַדְתָּ	שָׁקַדְתְּ	שְׁקַדְתֶּם1	שְׁקַדְתֶּן1
	third	שָׁקַד	שָׁקְדָה	שָׁקְדוּ
present		שׁוֹקֵד	שׁוֹקֶדֶת	שׁוֹקְדִים	שׁוֹקְדוֹת
future	first	אשקוד / אֶשְׁקֹד		נשקוד / נִשְׁקֹד
	second	תשקוד / תִּשְׁקֹד	תִּשְׁקְדִי	תִּשְׁקְדוּ	תשקודנה / תִּשְׁקֹדְנָה2
	third	ישקוד / יִשְׁקֹד	תשקוד / תִּשְׁקֹד	יִשְׁקְדוּ	תשקודנה / תִּשְׁקֹדְנָה2
imperative		שקוד / שְׁקֹד	שִׁקְדִי	שִׁקְדוּ	שקודנה / שְׁקֹדְנָה2
notes		Pronounced שָׁקַדְתֶּם and שָׁקַדְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

• H8247 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• H8245 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• “šgdh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, “šqdh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 142 seqq.
• Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎^[2] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 374
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 55
• “שקד” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Further reading

• שקד on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he

Anagrams

• קדש