بایستن
See also: پایستن
Persian
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Persian [Term?] (/abāyistan/), from Proto-Iranian *upa- + *Hai, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *úpa + *Hay-, from Proto-Indo-European *upó (“under, below”) + *h₁ey- (“to go”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bɑː.jis.ˈtan]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bɒː.jes.t̪ʰǽn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bɔ.jis.t̪ʰǽn]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bāyistan |
Dari reading? | bāyistan |
Iranian reading? | bâyestan |
Tajik reading? | boyistan |
Verb
editDari | بایستن |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | боистан |
بایستن • (bâyestan) (present stem بای (bây))
Conjugation
editOnly the following conjugations now exist:
- باید (bâyad, etymologically third-person singular present, literally “it is necessary”), extremely commonly used as the equivalent to English constructions with "must", "should", "ought to", "have to", etc.
- میباید (mi-bâyad), synonymous to باید (bâyad) but less common
- بایست (-bâyest, etymologically third-person singular past), usually largely synonymous to باید (bâyad) despite the use of the past stem, but less common and somewhat more polite; more pedantic usage may have this mean "should have", "must have", etc., preserving the past tense
- میبایست (mi-bâyest), synonymous to بایست (bâyest)
- بایستی (bâyesti, etymologically optative third-person singular past) and میبایستی (mi-bâyesti, etymologically optative third-person singular imperfect), both rather archaic and used to express any past necessity without regard for grammatical person
Derived terms
edit- بایستی (bâyesti, “necessity”)
References
edit- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 154-157
Categories:
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian verbs
- Persian auxiliary verbs
- Persian defective verbs